A comparison between iron and mild steel electrodes for the treatment of highly loaded grey water using an electrocoagulation technique
In the last years, the electrocoagulation (EC) process has been widely used as a potential technique for grey water treatment. However, only a few studies have focused on treating highly loaded GW (HLGW) by EC. In this study, the EC technique was used to compare iron and mild steel electrodes for th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Arabian Journal of Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535223006615 |
| _version_ | 1797690921938059264 |
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| author | Khalid Bani-Melhem Muhammad Rasool Al-Kilani |
| author_facet | Khalid Bani-Melhem Muhammad Rasool Al-Kilani |
| author_sort | Khalid Bani-Melhem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the last years, the electrocoagulation (EC) process has been widely used as a potential technique for grey water treatment. However, only a few studies have focused on treating highly loaded GW (HLGW) by EC. In this study, the EC technique was used to compare iron and mild steel electrodes for the treatment of HLGW under different current densities (CDs) (5, 10, 15, and 20 mA/cm2) during 10 min of EC time. The performance criteria included chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity removal efficiencies, current efficiency, energy consumption, and operational costs. It was found that EC using iron or mild steel can be effective electrodes for removing high levels of COD and turbidity from HLGW. At optimum conditions, the study demonstrated that at a CD of 5 mA/cm2, mild steel-based electrodes reduced COD by 86.5% while iron-based electrodes achieved 85.3% reduction at 10 mA/cm2. In conjunction with these removals, the turbidity removals were 92% and 94% achieved by steel and iron electrodes, respectively. The current efficiency of all the conducted experiments exceeded 90% but was generally higher for iron electrodes. At optimum conditions, analysis of operating costs in terms of energy consumptions and electrode materials requirements were 0.054 $/m3 and 0.097 $/m3 achieved by steel and iron electrodes, respectively. Thus, mild steel-based electrodes are considered superior to iron electrodes. Based on the obtained results, the study recommends that further investigations should give attention to the effect of metal alloy type or physical properties of electrodes as performance criteria and designing aspects when studying EC technology for HLGW treatment due to its notable effect on removal efficiency and operational costs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T02:06:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-574ce8716af14458810717e560aabf9e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1878-5352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T02:06:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Arabian Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-574ce8716af14458810717e560aabf9e2023-09-07T04:43:44ZengElsevierArabian Journal of Chemistry1878-53522023-10-011610105199A comparison between iron and mild steel electrodes for the treatment of highly loaded grey water using an electrocoagulation techniqueKhalid Bani-Melhem0Muhammad Rasool Al-Kilani1Water Technology Unit (WTU), Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Department of Water Management and Environment, Faculty of Prince El-Hassan Bin Talal for Natural Resources and Environment, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; Corresponding author.Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, School of Natural Resources Engineering & Management, German Jordanian University, Amman, 11180 JordanIn the last years, the electrocoagulation (EC) process has been widely used as a potential technique for grey water treatment. However, only a few studies have focused on treating highly loaded GW (HLGW) by EC. In this study, the EC technique was used to compare iron and mild steel electrodes for the treatment of HLGW under different current densities (CDs) (5, 10, 15, and 20 mA/cm2) during 10 min of EC time. The performance criteria included chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity removal efficiencies, current efficiency, energy consumption, and operational costs. It was found that EC using iron or mild steel can be effective electrodes for removing high levels of COD and turbidity from HLGW. At optimum conditions, the study demonstrated that at a CD of 5 mA/cm2, mild steel-based electrodes reduced COD by 86.5% while iron-based electrodes achieved 85.3% reduction at 10 mA/cm2. In conjunction with these removals, the turbidity removals were 92% and 94% achieved by steel and iron electrodes, respectively. The current efficiency of all the conducted experiments exceeded 90% but was generally higher for iron electrodes. At optimum conditions, analysis of operating costs in terms of energy consumptions and electrode materials requirements were 0.054 $/m3 and 0.097 $/m3 achieved by steel and iron electrodes, respectively. Thus, mild steel-based electrodes are considered superior to iron electrodes. Based on the obtained results, the study recommends that further investigations should give attention to the effect of metal alloy type or physical properties of electrodes as performance criteria and designing aspects when studying EC technology for HLGW treatment due to its notable effect on removal efficiency and operational costs.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535223006615Grey waterElectrocoagulationGreywater treatmentMild steelIron electrodes |
| spellingShingle | Khalid Bani-Melhem Muhammad Rasool Al-Kilani A comparison between iron and mild steel electrodes for the treatment of highly loaded grey water using an electrocoagulation technique Arabian Journal of Chemistry Grey water Electrocoagulation Greywater treatment Mild steel Iron electrodes |
| title | A comparison between iron and mild steel electrodes for the treatment of highly loaded grey water using an electrocoagulation technique |
| title_full | A comparison between iron and mild steel electrodes for the treatment of highly loaded grey water using an electrocoagulation technique |
| title_fullStr | A comparison between iron and mild steel electrodes for the treatment of highly loaded grey water using an electrocoagulation technique |
| title_full_unstemmed | A comparison between iron and mild steel electrodes for the treatment of highly loaded grey water using an electrocoagulation technique |
| title_short | A comparison between iron and mild steel electrodes for the treatment of highly loaded grey water using an electrocoagulation technique |
| title_sort | comparison between iron and mild steel electrodes for the treatment of highly loaded grey water using an electrocoagulation technique |
| topic | Grey water Electrocoagulation Greywater treatment Mild steel Iron electrodes |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535223006615 |
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