Functional Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Supercomplex Assembly Factors and Their Involvement in Muscle Quality
Impairment of skeletal muscle function causes disabilities in elderly people. Therefore, in an aged society, prevention and treatment of sarcopenia are important for expanding healthy life expectancy. In addition to aging, adipose tissue disfunction and inflammation also contribute to the pathogenes...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/9/3182 |
| _version_ | 1797569192304574464 |
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| author | Kotaro Azuma Kazuhiro Ikeda Satoshi Inoue |
| author_facet | Kotaro Azuma Kazuhiro Ikeda Satoshi Inoue |
| author_sort | Kotaro Azuma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Impairment of skeletal muscle function causes disabilities in elderly people. Therefore, in an aged society, prevention and treatment of sarcopenia are important for expanding healthy life expectancy. In addition to aging, adipose tissue disfunction and inflammation also contribute to the pathogenesis of sarcopenia by causing the combined state called ‘sarcopenic obesity’. Muscle quality as well as muscle mass contributes to muscle strength and physical performance. Mitochondria in the skeletal muscles affect muscle quality by regulating the production of energy and reactive oxygen species. A certain portion of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes form a higher-order structure called a “supercomplex”, which plays important roles in efficient energy production, stabilization of respiratory chain complex I, and prevention of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Several molecules including phospholipids, proteins, and certain chemicals are known to promote or stabilize mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplex assembly directly or indirectly. In this article, we review the distinct mechanisms underlying the promotion or stabilization of mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplex assembly by supercomplex assembly factors. Further, we introduce regulatory pathways of mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplex assembly and discuss the roles of supercomplex assembly factors and regulatory pathways in skeletal muscles and adipose tissues, believing that this will lead to discovery of potential targets for prevention and treatment of muscle disorders such as sarcopenia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:07:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-574fe1c9a92f414492eaaae6429ab39a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:07:22Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-574fe1c9a92f414492eaaae6429ab39a2023-11-19T23:09:48ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-04-01219318210.3390/ijms21093182Functional Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Supercomplex Assembly Factors and Their Involvement in Muscle QualityKotaro Azuma0Kazuhiro Ikeda1Satoshi Inoue2Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, JapanDivision of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, JapanDepartment of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, JapanImpairment of skeletal muscle function causes disabilities in elderly people. Therefore, in an aged society, prevention and treatment of sarcopenia are important for expanding healthy life expectancy. In addition to aging, adipose tissue disfunction and inflammation also contribute to the pathogenesis of sarcopenia by causing the combined state called ‘sarcopenic obesity’. Muscle quality as well as muscle mass contributes to muscle strength and physical performance. Mitochondria in the skeletal muscles affect muscle quality by regulating the production of energy and reactive oxygen species. A certain portion of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes form a higher-order structure called a “supercomplex”, which plays important roles in efficient energy production, stabilization of respiratory chain complex I, and prevention of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Several molecules including phospholipids, proteins, and certain chemicals are known to promote or stabilize mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplex assembly directly or indirectly. In this article, we review the distinct mechanisms underlying the promotion or stabilization of mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplex assembly by supercomplex assembly factors. Further, we introduce regulatory pathways of mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplex assembly and discuss the roles of supercomplex assembly factors and regulatory pathways in skeletal muscles and adipose tissues, believing that this will lead to discovery of potential targets for prevention and treatment of muscle disorders such as sarcopenia.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/9/3182mitochondriarespiratory chain supercomplexskeletal musclesarcopeniaadipose tissue |
| spellingShingle | Kotaro Azuma Kazuhiro Ikeda Satoshi Inoue Functional Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Supercomplex Assembly Factors and Their Involvement in Muscle Quality International Journal of Molecular Sciences mitochondria respiratory chain supercomplex skeletal muscle sarcopenia adipose tissue |
| title | Functional Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Supercomplex Assembly Factors and Their Involvement in Muscle Quality |
| title_full | Functional Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Supercomplex Assembly Factors and Their Involvement in Muscle Quality |
| title_fullStr | Functional Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Supercomplex Assembly Factors and Their Involvement in Muscle Quality |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functional Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Supercomplex Assembly Factors and Their Involvement in Muscle Quality |
| title_short | Functional Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Supercomplex Assembly Factors and Their Involvement in Muscle Quality |
| title_sort | functional mechanisms of mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplex assembly factors and their involvement in muscle quality |
| topic | mitochondria respiratory chain supercomplex skeletal muscle sarcopenia adipose tissue |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/9/3182 |
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