Skeletal Markers of Physiological Stress as Indicators of Structural Violence: A Comparative Study between the Deceased Migrants of the Mediterranean Sea and the CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection
Structural violence is an indirect form of violence that can lead to physiological consequences. Interestingly, these physiological disruptions may affect the skeletons and can therefore provide relevant information on violence and way of life in the analysis of skeletal remains. The aim of the pres...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-02-01
|
| Series: | Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/2/335 |
| _version_ | 1827758473781182464 |
|---|---|
| author | Lucie Biehler-Gomez Andrea Palamenghi Marie Baudu Giulia Caccia Giuseppe Lanza Attisano Daniele Gibelli Debora Mazzarelli Cristina Cattaneo |
| author_facet | Lucie Biehler-Gomez Andrea Palamenghi Marie Baudu Giulia Caccia Giuseppe Lanza Attisano Daniele Gibelli Debora Mazzarelli Cristina Cattaneo |
| author_sort | Lucie Biehler-Gomez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Structural violence is an indirect form of violence that can lead to physiological consequences. Interestingly, these physiological disruptions may affect the skeletons and can therefore provide relevant information on violence and way of life in the analysis of skeletal remains. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that migrants who died in the Mediterranean Sea would present physiological cranial stress markers such as <i>cribra orbitalia</i> (CO), porotic hyperostosis (PH), and linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) more frequently and more severely than Italians of the 20th century. With this intent, a total of 164 crania were examined: 139 from deceased migrants recovered from a shipwreck in the Mediterranean Sea in 2015, aged between 16 and 35 years old, and 25 of the same age from the CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection. Both presence and severity of CO, PH, and LEH were evaluated. The data obtained were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank and independence Chi-squared tests to compare the results between the two samples and to test whether there was an association between the sample of migrants and the occurrence of lesions. As a result, CO and PH appeared more frequently and more severely in the migrant sample. In addition, migrants were significantly associated with CO, PH, and LEH (<i>p</i>-values < 0.05). Although this does not imply in any way that CO, PH, and LEH are specific to migration, they should be regarded as indicators of structural violence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:07:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-575083357200498888a3587fd5d18d01 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:07:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-575083357200498888a3587fd5d18d012023-11-16T19:15:01ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372023-02-0112233510.3390/biology12020335Skeletal Markers of Physiological Stress as Indicators of Structural Violence: A Comparative Study between the Deceased Migrants of the Mediterranean Sea and the CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal CollectionLucie Biehler-Gomez0Andrea Palamenghi1Marie Baudu2Giulia Caccia3Giuseppe Lanza Attisano4Daniele Gibelli5Debora Mazzarelli6Cristina Cattaneo7LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Sezione di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, ItalyLABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Sezione di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, ItalyLABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Sezione di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, ItalyLABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Sezione di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, ItalyLABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Sezione di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, ItalyLAFAS, Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell’Apparato Stomatognatico, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, ItalyLABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Sezione di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, ItalyLABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Sezione di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, ItalyStructural violence is an indirect form of violence that can lead to physiological consequences. Interestingly, these physiological disruptions may affect the skeletons and can therefore provide relevant information on violence and way of life in the analysis of skeletal remains. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that migrants who died in the Mediterranean Sea would present physiological cranial stress markers such as <i>cribra orbitalia</i> (CO), porotic hyperostosis (PH), and linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) more frequently and more severely than Italians of the 20th century. With this intent, a total of 164 crania were examined: 139 from deceased migrants recovered from a shipwreck in the Mediterranean Sea in 2015, aged between 16 and 35 years old, and 25 of the same age from the CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection. Both presence and severity of CO, PH, and LEH were evaluated. The data obtained were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank and independence Chi-squared tests to compare the results between the two samples and to test whether there was an association between the sample of migrants and the occurrence of lesions. As a result, CO and PH appeared more frequently and more severely in the migrant sample. In addition, migrants were significantly associated with CO, PH, and LEH (<i>p</i>-values < 0.05). Although this does not imply in any way that CO, PH, and LEH are specific to migration, they should be regarded as indicators of structural violence.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/2/335structural violencephysiological stress markersmigrantsforensic anthropologycribra orbitaliaporotic hyperostosis |
| spellingShingle | Lucie Biehler-Gomez Andrea Palamenghi Marie Baudu Giulia Caccia Giuseppe Lanza Attisano Daniele Gibelli Debora Mazzarelli Cristina Cattaneo Skeletal Markers of Physiological Stress as Indicators of Structural Violence: A Comparative Study between the Deceased Migrants of the Mediterranean Sea and the CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection Biology structural violence physiological stress markers migrants forensic anthropology cribra orbitalia porotic hyperostosis |
| title | Skeletal Markers of Physiological Stress as Indicators of Structural Violence: A Comparative Study between the Deceased Migrants of the Mediterranean Sea and the CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection |
| title_full | Skeletal Markers of Physiological Stress as Indicators of Structural Violence: A Comparative Study between the Deceased Migrants of the Mediterranean Sea and the CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection |
| title_fullStr | Skeletal Markers of Physiological Stress as Indicators of Structural Violence: A Comparative Study between the Deceased Migrants of the Mediterranean Sea and the CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Skeletal Markers of Physiological Stress as Indicators of Structural Violence: A Comparative Study between the Deceased Migrants of the Mediterranean Sea and the CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection |
| title_short | Skeletal Markers of Physiological Stress as Indicators of Structural Violence: A Comparative Study between the Deceased Migrants of the Mediterranean Sea and the CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection |
| title_sort | skeletal markers of physiological stress as indicators of structural violence a comparative study between the deceased migrants of the mediterranean sea and the cal milano cemetery skeletal collection |
| topic | structural violence physiological stress markers migrants forensic anthropology cribra orbitalia porotic hyperostosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/2/335 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT luciebiehlergomez skeletalmarkersofphysiologicalstressasindicatorsofstructuralviolenceacomparativestudybetweenthedeceasedmigrantsofthemediterraneanseaandthecalmilanocemeteryskeletalcollection AT andreapalamenghi skeletalmarkersofphysiologicalstressasindicatorsofstructuralviolenceacomparativestudybetweenthedeceasedmigrantsofthemediterraneanseaandthecalmilanocemeteryskeletalcollection AT mariebaudu skeletalmarkersofphysiologicalstressasindicatorsofstructuralviolenceacomparativestudybetweenthedeceasedmigrantsofthemediterraneanseaandthecalmilanocemeteryskeletalcollection AT giuliacaccia skeletalmarkersofphysiologicalstressasindicatorsofstructuralviolenceacomparativestudybetweenthedeceasedmigrantsofthemediterraneanseaandthecalmilanocemeteryskeletalcollection AT giuseppelanzaattisano skeletalmarkersofphysiologicalstressasindicatorsofstructuralviolenceacomparativestudybetweenthedeceasedmigrantsofthemediterraneanseaandthecalmilanocemeteryskeletalcollection AT danielegibelli skeletalmarkersofphysiologicalstressasindicatorsofstructuralviolenceacomparativestudybetweenthedeceasedmigrantsofthemediterraneanseaandthecalmilanocemeteryskeletalcollection AT deboramazzarelli skeletalmarkersofphysiologicalstressasindicatorsofstructuralviolenceacomparativestudybetweenthedeceasedmigrantsofthemediterraneanseaandthecalmilanocemeteryskeletalcollection AT cristinacattaneo skeletalmarkersofphysiologicalstressasindicatorsofstructuralviolenceacomparativestudybetweenthedeceasedmigrantsofthemediterraneanseaandthecalmilanocemeteryskeletalcollection |