Effect of essential fatty acids on glucose-induced cytotoxicity to retinal vascular endothelial cells
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication of dysregulated hyperglycemia. Retinal vascular endothelial cell dysfunction is an early event in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Studies showed that hyperglycemia-induced excess...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2012-07-01
|
| Series: | Lipids in Health and Disease |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.lipidworld.com/content/11/1/90 |
| _version_ | 1811250907672739840 |
|---|---|
| author | Shen Junhui Shen Shengrong Das Undurti N Xu Guotong |
| author_facet | Shen Junhui Shen Shengrong Das Undurti N Xu Guotong |
| author_sort | Shen Junhui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication of dysregulated hyperglycemia. Retinal vascular endothelial cell dysfunction is an early event in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Studies showed that hyperglycemia-induced excess proliferation of retinal vascular endothelial cells can be abrogated by docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 ω-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 ω-3). The influence of dietary omega-3 PUFA on brain zinc metabolism has been previously implied. Zn<sup>2+</sup> is essential for the activity of Δ<sup>6</sup> desaturase as a co-factor that, in turn, converts essential fatty acids to their respective long chain metabolites. Whether essential fatty acids (EFAs) α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid have similar beneficial effect remains poorly understood.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>RF/6A cells were treated with different concentrations of high glucose, α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid and Zn<sup>2+</sup>. The alterations in mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase enzyme activity, cell membrane fluidity, reactive oxygen species generation, SOD enzyme and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion were evaluated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Studies showed that hyperglycemia-induced excess proliferation of retinal vascular endothelial cells can be abrogated by both linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA), while the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid was ineffective. A dose–response study with ALA showed that the activity of the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase enzyme was suppressed at all concentrations of glucose tested to a significant degree. High glucose enhanced fluorescence polarization and microviscocity reverted to normal by treatment with Zn<sup>2+</sup> and ALA. ALA was more potent that Zn<sup>2+</sup>. Increased level of high glucose caused slightly increased ROS generation that correlated with corresponding decrease in SOD activity. ALA suppressed ROS generation to a significant degree in a dose dependent fashion and raised SOD activity significantly. ALA suppressed high-glucose-induced VEGF secretion by RF/6A cells.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results suggest that EFAs such as ALA and LA may have beneficial action in the prevention of high glucose-induced cellular damage.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T16:11:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5755bf08c39f4fd7b042702efbc18688 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1476-511X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T16:11:47Z |
| publishDate | 2012-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Lipids in Health and Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-5755bf08c39f4fd7b042702efbc186882022-12-22T03:25:52ZengBMCLipids in Health and Disease1476-511X2012-07-011119010.1186/1476-511X-11-90Effect of essential fatty acids on glucose-induced cytotoxicity to retinal vascular endothelial cellsShen JunhuiShen ShengrongDas Undurti NXu Guotong<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication of dysregulated hyperglycemia. Retinal vascular endothelial cell dysfunction is an early event in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Studies showed that hyperglycemia-induced excess proliferation of retinal vascular endothelial cells can be abrogated by docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 ω-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 ω-3). The influence of dietary omega-3 PUFA on brain zinc metabolism has been previously implied. Zn<sup>2+</sup> is essential for the activity of Δ<sup>6</sup> desaturase as a co-factor that, in turn, converts essential fatty acids to their respective long chain metabolites. Whether essential fatty acids (EFAs) α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid have similar beneficial effect remains poorly understood.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>RF/6A cells were treated with different concentrations of high glucose, α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid and Zn<sup>2+</sup>. The alterations in mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase enzyme activity, cell membrane fluidity, reactive oxygen species generation, SOD enzyme and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion were evaluated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Studies showed that hyperglycemia-induced excess proliferation of retinal vascular endothelial cells can be abrogated by both linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA), while the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid was ineffective. A dose–response study with ALA showed that the activity of the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase enzyme was suppressed at all concentrations of glucose tested to a significant degree. High glucose enhanced fluorescence polarization and microviscocity reverted to normal by treatment with Zn<sup>2+</sup> and ALA. ALA was more potent that Zn<sup>2+</sup>. Increased level of high glucose caused slightly increased ROS generation that correlated with corresponding decrease in SOD activity. ALA suppressed ROS generation to a significant degree in a dose dependent fashion and raised SOD activity significantly. ALA suppressed high-glucose-induced VEGF secretion by RF/6A cells.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results suggest that EFAs such as ALA and LA may have beneficial action in the prevention of high glucose-induced cellular damage.</p>http://www.lipidworld.com/content/11/1/90α-linolenic acidDiabetic retinopathyOxidative stressMembrane fluidity |
| spellingShingle | Shen Junhui Shen Shengrong Das Undurti N Xu Guotong Effect of essential fatty acids on glucose-induced cytotoxicity to retinal vascular endothelial cells Lipids in Health and Disease α-linolenic acid Diabetic retinopathy Oxidative stress Membrane fluidity |
| title | Effect of essential fatty acids on glucose-induced cytotoxicity to retinal vascular endothelial cells |
| title_full | Effect of essential fatty acids on glucose-induced cytotoxicity to retinal vascular endothelial cells |
| title_fullStr | Effect of essential fatty acids on glucose-induced cytotoxicity to retinal vascular endothelial cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of essential fatty acids on glucose-induced cytotoxicity to retinal vascular endothelial cells |
| title_short | Effect of essential fatty acids on glucose-induced cytotoxicity to retinal vascular endothelial cells |
| title_sort | effect of essential fatty acids on glucose induced cytotoxicity to retinal vascular endothelial cells |
| topic | α-linolenic acid Diabetic retinopathy Oxidative stress Membrane fluidity |
| url | http://www.lipidworld.com/content/11/1/90 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shenjunhui effectofessentialfattyacidsonglucoseinducedcytotoxicitytoretinalvascularendothelialcells AT shenshengrong effectofessentialfattyacidsonglucoseinducedcytotoxicitytoretinalvascularendothelialcells AT dasundurtin effectofessentialfattyacidsonglucoseinducedcytotoxicitytoretinalvascularendothelialcells AT xuguotong effectofessentialfattyacidsonglucoseinducedcytotoxicitytoretinalvascularendothelialcells |