Level of Estrogen in Females—The Different Impacts at Different Life Stages
Historically, a high level of estrogen in women is regarded as the signature for a longer lifespan than men. Estrogen is known to be responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. Ovariectomy brings on numerous complications such a...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/12/12/1995 |
| _version_ | 1797456854954016768 |
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| author | Zhuo Yu Yan Jiao Yinhuan Zhao Weikuan Gu |
| author_facet | Zhuo Yu Yan Jiao Yinhuan Zhao Weikuan Gu |
| author_sort | Zhuo Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Historically, a high level of estrogen in women is regarded as the signature for a longer lifespan than men. Estrogen is known to be responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. Ovariectomy brings on numerous complications such as early menopause, heart disease, and osteoporosis. Thus, ovariectomy impacts the long-term health and lifespan of women. However, the level of estrogen at different life stages should be managed differently. Life quality can be measured in many ways, but mainly it relates to how an individual is doing in terms of being healthy, comfortable, and able to participate in or enjoy life experiences. First of all, ovariectomy not only reduces the level of estrogen but also destroys the reproductive metabolism and potentially other metabolism functions; it may also reduce the lifespan because of the overall impact, not necessary due to the low level of estrogen. Secondly, according to the principal law of the lifespan (PLOSP), the impacts of ovariectomy at different life stages will be different. The objective of this article is to provide readers with a new view of the research on estrogen. Based on the PLOSP, we recapture the estrogen levels at different life stages and explore potential alternative approaches to the manipulation of the levels of estrogen based on the biological features of the difference life stages. Thus, a low level of estrogen in the early life stage may make a woman live longer than a woman with a normal level of estrogen. However, a low estrogen level does not equal ovariectomy. Here, we explain the different impacts of the estrogen levels during different life stages; the effects on the lifespan of the manipulation of estrogen levels at different life stages; and the differences among the estrogen levels, ovariectomy effects, life stages, and lifespan. The personalized manipulation of estrogen levels and relevant growth factors according to the characterization of the life stages may be able to extend the heathy lifespan of women. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:12:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5770ba5010834c5b9a3a4e58af21ae9a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4426 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:12:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-5770ba5010834c5b9a3a4e58af21ae9a2023-11-24T16:01:49ZengMDPI AGJournal of Personalized Medicine2075-44262022-12-011212199510.3390/jpm12121995Level of Estrogen in Females—The Different Impacts at Different Life StagesZhuo Yu0Yan Jiao1Yinhuan Zhao2Weikuan Gu3Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sanfu Road 142, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USADepartment of Rheumatism, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 230 Baoding Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200082, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USAHistorically, a high level of estrogen in women is regarded as the signature for a longer lifespan than men. Estrogen is known to be responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. Ovariectomy brings on numerous complications such as early menopause, heart disease, and osteoporosis. Thus, ovariectomy impacts the long-term health and lifespan of women. However, the level of estrogen at different life stages should be managed differently. Life quality can be measured in many ways, but mainly it relates to how an individual is doing in terms of being healthy, comfortable, and able to participate in or enjoy life experiences. First of all, ovariectomy not only reduces the level of estrogen but also destroys the reproductive metabolism and potentially other metabolism functions; it may also reduce the lifespan because of the overall impact, not necessary due to the low level of estrogen. Secondly, according to the principal law of the lifespan (PLOSP), the impacts of ovariectomy at different life stages will be different. The objective of this article is to provide readers with a new view of the research on estrogen. Based on the PLOSP, we recapture the estrogen levels at different life stages and explore potential alternative approaches to the manipulation of the levels of estrogen based on the biological features of the difference life stages. Thus, a low level of estrogen in the early life stage may make a woman live longer than a woman with a normal level of estrogen. However, a low estrogen level does not equal ovariectomy. Here, we explain the different impacts of the estrogen levels during different life stages; the effects on the lifespan of the manipulation of estrogen levels at different life stages; and the differences among the estrogen levels, ovariectomy effects, life stages, and lifespan. The personalized manipulation of estrogen levels and relevant growth factors according to the characterization of the life stages may be able to extend the heathy lifespan of women.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/12/12/1995agingdiseaseestrogenhealthlifespanovariectomy |
| spellingShingle | Zhuo Yu Yan Jiao Yinhuan Zhao Weikuan Gu Level of Estrogen in Females—The Different Impacts at Different Life Stages Journal of Personalized Medicine aging disease estrogen health lifespan ovariectomy |
| title | Level of Estrogen in Females—The Different Impacts at Different Life Stages |
| title_full | Level of Estrogen in Females—The Different Impacts at Different Life Stages |
| title_fullStr | Level of Estrogen in Females—The Different Impacts at Different Life Stages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Level of Estrogen in Females—The Different Impacts at Different Life Stages |
| title_short | Level of Estrogen in Females—The Different Impacts at Different Life Stages |
| title_sort | level of estrogen in females the different impacts at different life stages |
| topic | aging disease estrogen health lifespan ovariectomy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/12/12/1995 |
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