Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images with Extended Parametric Binary Tree Labeling
Images uploaded to the cloud may be confidential or related to personal private information, so they need to be encrypted before uploading to the cloud storage. At the service provider side, appending additional information is usually required for transmission or database management. Reversible data...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/4/2458 |
| _version_ | 1797622552888082432 |
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| author | Quan Feng Lu Leng Chin-Chen Chang Ji-Hwei Horng Meihong Wu |
| author_facet | Quan Feng Lu Leng Chin-Chen Chang Ji-Hwei Horng Meihong Wu |
| author_sort | Quan Feng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Images uploaded to the cloud may be confidential or related to personal private information, so they need to be encrypted before uploading to the cloud storage. At the service provider side, appending additional information is usually required for transmission or database management. Reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDHEI) serves as a technical solution. Recent RDHEI schemes successfully utilize the spatial correlation between image pixel values to vacate spare room for data hiding, however, the data payload can be further improved. This paper proposes a RDHEI scheme based on extended parameter binary tree labeling, which replaces non-reference pixel values with their prediction errors in a reduced length to vacate space. We further encode the prediction error of non-embeddable pixels to fit the space left from labeling. Thus, the space required to store the pixel bits replaced by labeling codes is saved. Experimental results show that the data payload of the extended parametric binary tree labeling outperforms state-of-the-art schemes. The embedding rates for the commonly applied datasets, including Bossbase, BOWS-2, and UCID, are 3.2305 bpp, 3.1619 bpp, and 2.8113 bpp, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:11:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-57835e0568b94ed883e104cbb2204dd2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:11:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-57835e0568b94ed883e104cbb2204dd22023-11-16T18:56:03ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-02-01134245810.3390/app13042458Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images with Extended Parametric Binary Tree LabelingQuan Feng0Lu Leng1Chin-Chen Chang2Ji-Hwei Horng3Meihong Wu4Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, ChinaKey Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, ChinaDepartment of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, TaiwanDepartment of Electronic Engineering, National Quemoy University, Kinmen 89250, TaiwanKey Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, ChinaImages uploaded to the cloud may be confidential or related to personal private information, so they need to be encrypted before uploading to the cloud storage. At the service provider side, appending additional information is usually required for transmission or database management. Reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDHEI) serves as a technical solution. Recent RDHEI schemes successfully utilize the spatial correlation between image pixel values to vacate spare room for data hiding, however, the data payload can be further improved. This paper proposes a RDHEI scheme based on extended parameter binary tree labeling, which replaces non-reference pixel values with their prediction errors in a reduced length to vacate space. We further encode the prediction error of non-embeddable pixels to fit the space left from labeling. Thus, the space required to store the pixel bits replaced by labeling codes is saved. Experimental results show that the data payload of the extended parametric binary tree labeling outperforms state-of-the-art schemes. The embedding rates for the commonly applied datasets, including Bossbase, BOWS-2, and UCID, are 3.2305 bpp, 3.1619 bpp, and 2.8113 bpp, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/4/2458reversible data hidingimage encryptionparameter binary tree labelingreserving-room before encryption |
| spellingShingle | Quan Feng Lu Leng Chin-Chen Chang Ji-Hwei Horng Meihong Wu Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images with Extended Parametric Binary Tree Labeling Applied Sciences reversible data hiding image encryption parameter binary tree labeling reserving-room before encryption |
| title | Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images with Extended Parametric Binary Tree Labeling |
| title_full | Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images with Extended Parametric Binary Tree Labeling |
| title_fullStr | Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images with Extended Parametric Binary Tree Labeling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images with Extended Parametric Binary Tree Labeling |
| title_short | Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images with Extended Parametric Binary Tree Labeling |
| title_sort | reversible data hiding in encrypted images with extended parametric binary tree labeling |
| topic | reversible data hiding image encryption parameter binary tree labeling reserving-room before encryption |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/4/2458 |
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