Predictors of multiple injuries in individual distance runners: A retrospective study of 75,401 entrants in 4 annual races–SAFER XX
Background: There are limited data on factors that predict an increased risk of multiple injuries among distance runners. The objective of this study was to determine risk factors that are predictive of individual runners with a high annual multiple injury risk (MIR). Methods: A retrospective, cross...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Sport and Health Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095254621001150 |
| _version_ | 1818207027876331520 |
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| author | Sonja Swanevelder Nicola Sewry Martin Schwellnus Esme Jordaan |
| author_facet | Sonja Swanevelder Nicola Sewry Martin Schwellnus Esme Jordaan |
| author_sort | Sonja Swanevelder |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: There are limited data on factors that predict an increased risk of multiple injuries among distance runners. The objective of this study was to determine risk factors that are predictive of individual runners with a high annual multiple injury risk (MIR). Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study at 4 annual (2012–2015) Two Oceans 21.1 km and 56.0 km races in South Africa with 75,401 consenting race entrants. Running-related injury data were collected retrospectively through an online pre-race medical screening questionnaire. The average number of injuries for each runner every year was calculated by taking a runner's race entry history and injury history into account and categorizing entrants into 4 MIR categories (high, intermediate, low, and very low (reference)). Multiple logistic regression modeling (odds ratios) was used to determine whether the following factors were predictive of a high MIR (average > 1 injury/year): demographics, training and racing, chronic-disease history (composite chronic disease score (CCDS)), and history of allergies. Results: Of all entrants, 9.2% reported at least 1 injury, and 0.4% of entrants were in the high MIR category; the incidence rate was 2.5 injuries per 10 runner-years (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 2.4–2.7). Significant factors predictive of runners in the high MIR category were: running for > 20 years: OR = 2.0 (95%CI: 1.3–3.1; p = 0.0010); a higher CCDS: OR = 2.2 (95%CI: 2.0–2.4; p < 0.0001); and a history of allergies: OR = 2.8 (95%CI: 2.0–3.8; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Runners who have been running recreationally for > 20 years and those with multiple chronic diseases or a history of allergies were at higher risk of multiple running-related injuries. This high-risk group can be targeted for further study and possible injury-prevention interventions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T04:22:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-579305803dd44e88a7d2f02e17e3b9b7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2095-2546 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T04:22:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Sport and Health Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-579305803dd44e88a7d2f02e17e3b9b72022-12-22T00:38:17ZengElsevierJournal of Sport and Health Science2095-25462022-05-01113339346Predictors of multiple injuries in individual distance runners: A retrospective study of 75,401 entrants in 4 annual races–SAFER XXSonja Swanevelder0Nicola Sewry1Martin Schwellnus2Esme Jordaan3Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Parow 7575, South AfricaSport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0081, South Africa; International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, Pretoria 0081, South AfricaSport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0081, South Africa; International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, Pretoria 0081, South Africa; Emeritus Professor of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Corresponding author:Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Parow 7575, South Africa; Statistics and Population Studies Department, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South AfricaBackground: There are limited data on factors that predict an increased risk of multiple injuries among distance runners. The objective of this study was to determine risk factors that are predictive of individual runners with a high annual multiple injury risk (MIR). Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study at 4 annual (2012–2015) Two Oceans 21.1 km and 56.0 km races in South Africa with 75,401 consenting race entrants. Running-related injury data were collected retrospectively through an online pre-race medical screening questionnaire. The average number of injuries for each runner every year was calculated by taking a runner's race entry history and injury history into account and categorizing entrants into 4 MIR categories (high, intermediate, low, and very low (reference)). Multiple logistic regression modeling (odds ratios) was used to determine whether the following factors were predictive of a high MIR (average > 1 injury/year): demographics, training and racing, chronic-disease history (composite chronic disease score (CCDS)), and history of allergies. Results: Of all entrants, 9.2% reported at least 1 injury, and 0.4% of entrants were in the high MIR category; the incidence rate was 2.5 injuries per 10 runner-years (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 2.4–2.7). Significant factors predictive of runners in the high MIR category were: running for > 20 years: OR = 2.0 (95%CI: 1.3–3.1; p = 0.0010); a higher CCDS: OR = 2.2 (95%CI: 2.0–2.4; p < 0.0001); and a history of allergies: OR = 2.8 (95%CI: 2.0–3.8; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Runners who have been running recreationally for > 20 years and those with multiple chronic diseases or a history of allergies were at higher risk of multiple running-related injuries. This high-risk group can be targeted for further study and possible injury-prevention interventions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095254621001150AllergiesChronic diseasesMultiple injuriesRisk factorsSAFER study |
| spellingShingle | Sonja Swanevelder Nicola Sewry Martin Schwellnus Esme Jordaan Predictors of multiple injuries in individual distance runners: A retrospective study of 75,401 entrants in 4 annual races–SAFER XX Journal of Sport and Health Science Allergies Chronic diseases Multiple injuries Risk factors SAFER study |
| title | Predictors of multiple injuries in individual distance runners: A retrospective study of 75,401 entrants in 4 annual races–SAFER XX |
| title_full | Predictors of multiple injuries in individual distance runners: A retrospective study of 75,401 entrants in 4 annual races–SAFER XX |
| title_fullStr | Predictors of multiple injuries in individual distance runners: A retrospective study of 75,401 entrants in 4 annual races–SAFER XX |
| title_full_unstemmed | Predictors of multiple injuries in individual distance runners: A retrospective study of 75,401 entrants in 4 annual races–SAFER XX |
| title_short | Predictors of multiple injuries in individual distance runners: A retrospective study of 75,401 entrants in 4 annual races–SAFER XX |
| title_sort | predictors of multiple injuries in individual distance runners a retrospective study of 75 401 entrants in 4 annual races safer xx |
| topic | Allergies Chronic diseases Multiple injuries Risk factors SAFER study |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095254621001150 |
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