Adsorption/Coagulation/Ceramic Microfiltration for Treating Challenging Waters for Drinking Water Production
Pressurized powdered activated carbon/coagulation/ceramic microfiltration (PAC/Alum/MF) was investigated at pilot scale for treating low turbidity and low natural organic matter (NOM) surface waters spiked with organic microcontaminants. A total of 11 trials with clarified or non-clarified waters sp...
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Membranes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/2/91 |
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| author | Margarida Campinas Rui M. C. Viegas Rosário Coelho Helena Lucas Maria João Rosa |
| author_facet | Margarida Campinas Rui M. C. Viegas Rosário Coelho Helena Lucas Maria João Rosa |
| author_sort | Margarida Campinas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pressurized powdered activated carbon/coagulation/ceramic microfiltration (PAC/Alum/MF) was investigated at pilot scale for treating low turbidity and low natural organic matter (NOM) surface waters spiked with organic microcontaminants. A total of 11 trials with clarified or non-clarified waters spiked with pesticides, pharmaceutical compounds, or microcystins were conducted to assess the removal of microcontaminants, NOM (as 254 nm absorbance, A254, and dissolved organic carbon, DOC), trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP), aerobic endospores as protozoan (oo)cysts indicators, bacteriophages as viruses indicators, and regular drinking water quality parameters. PAC/(Alum)/MF achieved 75% to complete removal of total microcontaminants with 4–18 mg/L of a mesoporous PAC and 2 h contact time, with a reliable particle separation (turbidity < 0.03 NTU) and low aluminium residuals. Microcontaminants showed different amenabilities to PAC adsorption, depending on their charge, hydrophobicity (Log Kow), polar surface area and aromatic rings count. Compounds less amenable to adsorption showed higher vulnerability to NOM competition (higher A254 waters), greatly benefiting from DOC-normalized PAC dose increase. PAC/Alum/MF also attained 29–47% NOM median removal, decreasing THMFP by 26%. PAC complemented NOM removal by coagulation (+15–19%), though with no substantial improvement towards THMFP and membrane fouling. Furthermore, PAC/Alum/MF was a full barrier against aerobic endospores, and PAC dosing was crucial for ≥1.1-log reduction in bacteriophages. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:29:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5795de74b44d42369e13ad86b68c445d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:29:23Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-5795de74b44d42369e13ad86b68c445d2023-12-03T14:57:15ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752021-01-011129110.3390/membranes11020091Adsorption/Coagulation/Ceramic Microfiltration for Treating Challenging Waters for Drinking Water ProductionMargarida Campinas0Rui M. C. Viegas1Rosário Coelho2Helena Lucas3Maria João Rosa4Water Quality and Treatment Laboratory, Urban Water Unit, Hydraulics and Environment Department, LNEC—National Civil Engineering Laboratory, 1700-066 Lisbon, PortugalWater Quality and Treatment Laboratory, Urban Water Unit, Hydraulics and Environment Department, LNEC—National Civil Engineering Laboratory, 1700-066 Lisbon, PortugalAdA—Águas do Algarve S.A., Rua do Repouso, 8000-302 Faro, PortugalAdA—Águas do Algarve S.A., Rua do Repouso, 8000-302 Faro, PortugalWater Quality and Treatment Laboratory, Urban Water Unit, Hydraulics and Environment Department, LNEC—National Civil Engineering Laboratory, 1700-066 Lisbon, PortugalPressurized powdered activated carbon/coagulation/ceramic microfiltration (PAC/Alum/MF) was investigated at pilot scale for treating low turbidity and low natural organic matter (NOM) surface waters spiked with organic microcontaminants. A total of 11 trials with clarified or non-clarified waters spiked with pesticides, pharmaceutical compounds, or microcystins were conducted to assess the removal of microcontaminants, NOM (as 254 nm absorbance, A254, and dissolved organic carbon, DOC), trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP), aerobic endospores as protozoan (oo)cysts indicators, bacteriophages as viruses indicators, and regular drinking water quality parameters. PAC/(Alum)/MF achieved 75% to complete removal of total microcontaminants with 4–18 mg/L of a mesoporous PAC and 2 h contact time, with a reliable particle separation (turbidity < 0.03 NTU) and low aluminium residuals. Microcontaminants showed different amenabilities to PAC adsorption, depending on their charge, hydrophobicity (Log Kow), polar surface area and aromatic rings count. Compounds less amenable to adsorption showed higher vulnerability to NOM competition (higher A254 waters), greatly benefiting from DOC-normalized PAC dose increase. PAC/Alum/MF also attained 29–47% NOM median removal, decreasing THMFP by 26%. PAC complemented NOM removal by coagulation (+15–19%), though with no substantial improvement towards THMFP and membrane fouling. Furthermore, PAC/Alum/MF was a full barrier against aerobic endospores, and PAC dosing was crucial for ≥1.1-log reduction in bacteriophages.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/2/91powdered activated carbon/coagulation/microfiltrationhybrid processceramic membranesmicrocontaminantspesticidespharmaceuticals |
| spellingShingle | Margarida Campinas Rui M. C. Viegas Rosário Coelho Helena Lucas Maria João Rosa Adsorption/Coagulation/Ceramic Microfiltration for Treating Challenging Waters for Drinking Water Production Membranes powdered activated carbon/coagulation/microfiltration hybrid process ceramic membranes microcontaminants pesticides pharmaceuticals |
| title | Adsorption/Coagulation/Ceramic Microfiltration for Treating Challenging Waters for Drinking Water Production |
| title_full | Adsorption/Coagulation/Ceramic Microfiltration for Treating Challenging Waters for Drinking Water Production |
| title_fullStr | Adsorption/Coagulation/Ceramic Microfiltration for Treating Challenging Waters for Drinking Water Production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adsorption/Coagulation/Ceramic Microfiltration for Treating Challenging Waters for Drinking Water Production |
| title_short | Adsorption/Coagulation/Ceramic Microfiltration for Treating Challenging Waters for Drinking Water Production |
| title_sort | adsorption coagulation ceramic microfiltration for treating challenging waters for drinking water production |
| topic | powdered activated carbon/coagulation/microfiltration hybrid process ceramic membranes microcontaminants pesticides pharmaceuticals |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/2/91 |
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