Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, In Vitro and In Situ Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anti-Insect Activity of <i>Cedar atlantica</i> Essential Oil
The present study was designed to evaluate commercial cedar essential oil (CEO), obtained by hydrodistillation from cedar wood, in relationship to its chemical composition and antioxidant, <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in situ</i> antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-insect activity...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/3/358 |
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| author | Miroslava Kačániová Lucia Galovičová Veronika Valková Hana Ďuranová Jana Štefániková Natália Čmiková Milena Vukic Nenad L. Vukovic Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski |
| author_facet | Miroslava Kačániová Lucia Galovičová Veronika Valková Hana Ďuranová Jana Štefániková Natália Čmiková Milena Vukic Nenad L. Vukovic Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski |
| author_sort | Miroslava Kačániová |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study was designed to evaluate commercial cedar essential oil (CEO), obtained by hydrodistillation from cedar wood, in relationship to its chemical composition and antioxidant, <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in situ</i> antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-insect activity. For these purposes, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, DPPH radical-scavenging assay, agar and disc diffusion, and vapor phase methods were used. The results from the volatile profile determination showed that δ-cadinene (36.3%), (<i>Z</i>)-β-farnesene (13.8%), viridiflorol (7.3%), and himachala-2,4-diene (5.4%) were the major components of the EO chemical constitution. Based on the obtained results, a strong antioxidant effect (81.1%) of the CEO was found. CEO is characterized by diversified antimicrobial activity, and the zones of inhibition ranged from 7.33 to 21.36 mm in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and from 5.44 to 13.67 mm in yeasts and fungi. The lowest values of minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) were noted against gram-positive <i>Micrococcus luteus</i> (7.46 µL/mL) and against yeast <i>Candida krusei</i> (9.46 µL/mL). It seems that the vapor phase of CEO can inhibit the growth of the microscopic filamentous fungi of the genus <i>Penicillium</i> according to <i>in situ</i> antifungal analysis on bread, carrots, and celery. This finding confirms the impact of CEO on the change in the protein structure of older biofilms of <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> subsp. <i>enterica</i>. Insecticidal activity of a vapor phase has also been demonstrated against <i>Pyrrhocoris apterus</i>. CEO showed various advantages on antimicrobial activity, and it is an ideal substitute for food safety. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:18:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5799eca030194fd29293851093161234 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:18:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-5799eca030194fd292938510931612342023-11-23T17:30:38ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-01-0111335810.3390/plants11030358Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, In Vitro and In Situ Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anti-Insect Activity of <i>Cedar atlantica</i> Essential OilMiroslava Kačániová0Lucia Galovičová1Veronika Valková2Hana Ďuranová3Jana Štefániková4Natália Čmiková5Milena Vukic6Nenad L. Vukovic7Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski8Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, SlovakiaInstitute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, SlovakiaInstitute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, SlovakiaAgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, SlovakiaAgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, SlovakiaInstitute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, SlovakiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaDepartment of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-624 Poznan, PolandThe present study was designed to evaluate commercial cedar essential oil (CEO), obtained by hydrodistillation from cedar wood, in relationship to its chemical composition and antioxidant, <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in situ</i> antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-insect activity. For these purposes, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, DPPH radical-scavenging assay, agar and disc diffusion, and vapor phase methods were used. The results from the volatile profile determination showed that δ-cadinene (36.3%), (<i>Z</i>)-β-farnesene (13.8%), viridiflorol (7.3%), and himachala-2,4-diene (5.4%) were the major components of the EO chemical constitution. Based on the obtained results, a strong antioxidant effect (81.1%) of the CEO was found. CEO is characterized by diversified antimicrobial activity, and the zones of inhibition ranged from 7.33 to 21.36 mm in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and from 5.44 to 13.67 mm in yeasts and fungi. The lowest values of minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) were noted against gram-positive <i>Micrococcus luteus</i> (7.46 µL/mL) and against yeast <i>Candida krusei</i> (9.46 µL/mL). It seems that the vapor phase of CEO can inhibit the growth of the microscopic filamentous fungi of the genus <i>Penicillium</i> according to <i>in situ</i> antifungal analysis on bread, carrots, and celery. This finding confirms the impact of CEO on the change in the protein structure of older biofilms of <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> subsp. <i>enterica</i>. Insecticidal activity of a vapor phase has also been demonstrated against <i>Pyrrhocoris apterus</i>. CEO showed various advantages on antimicrobial activity, and it is an ideal substitute for food safety.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/3/358atlas cedaressential oilantimicrobial activityantibiofilm activityrepellent activityvapor phase |
| spellingShingle | Miroslava Kačániová Lucia Galovičová Veronika Valková Hana Ďuranová Jana Štefániková Natália Čmiková Milena Vukic Nenad L. Vukovic Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, In Vitro and In Situ Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anti-Insect Activity of <i>Cedar atlantica</i> Essential Oil Plants atlas cedar essential oil antimicrobial activity antibiofilm activity repellent activity vapor phase |
| title | Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, In Vitro and In Situ Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anti-Insect Activity of <i>Cedar atlantica</i> Essential Oil |
| title_full | Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, In Vitro and In Situ Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anti-Insect Activity of <i>Cedar atlantica</i> Essential Oil |
| title_fullStr | Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, In Vitro and In Situ Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anti-Insect Activity of <i>Cedar atlantica</i> Essential Oil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, In Vitro and In Situ Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anti-Insect Activity of <i>Cedar atlantica</i> Essential Oil |
| title_short | Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, In Vitro and In Situ Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anti-Insect Activity of <i>Cedar atlantica</i> Essential Oil |
| title_sort | chemical composition antioxidant in vitro and in situ antimicrobial antibiofilm and anti insect activity of i cedar atlantica i essential oil |
| topic | atlas cedar essential oil antimicrobial activity antibiofilm activity repellent activity vapor phase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/3/358 |
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