Role of Neonatal Biomarkers of Exposure to Psychoactive Substances to Identify Maternal Socio-Demographic Determinants
Background: The accurate assessment of fetal exposure to psychoactive substances provides the basis for appropriate clinical care of neonates. The objective of this study was to identify maternal socio-demographic profiles and risk factors for prenatal exposure to drugs of abuse by measuring biomark...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/4/296 |
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| author | Pilar Jarque Antonia Roca Isabel Gomila Emilia Marchei Roberta Tittarelli Miguel Ángel Elorza Pilar Sanchís Bernardino Barceló |
| author_facet | Pilar Jarque Antonia Roca Isabel Gomila Emilia Marchei Roberta Tittarelli Miguel Ángel Elorza Pilar Sanchís Bernardino Barceló |
| author_sort | Pilar Jarque |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The accurate assessment of fetal exposure to psychoactive substances provides the basis for appropriate clinical care of neonates. The objective of this study was to identify maternal socio-demographic profiles and risk factors for prenatal exposure to drugs of abuse by measuring biomarkers in neonatal matrices. Methods: A prospective, observational cohort study was completed. Biomarkers of fetal exposure were measured in meconium samples. The mothers were interviewed using a questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: A total of 372 mothers were included, 49 (13.2%) testing positive for psychoactive substances use: 24 (49.0%) for cannabis, 11 (22.5%) for ethyl glucuronide, six (12.2%) for cocaine, and in eight (16.3%) more than one psychoactive substance. Mothers who consumed any psychoactive substance (29.7 ± 6.6 years) or cannabis (27.0 ± 5.7 years) were younger than non-users (32.8 ± 6.2 years, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Cocaine (50.0% vs. 96.9%, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and polydrug users (37.5% vs. 96.9%, <i>p</i> < 0.05) showed a lower levels of pregnancy care. Previous abortions were associated with the use of two or more psychoactive substances (87.5% vs. 37.8%, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Single-mother families (14.3% vs. 2.5%, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and mothers with primary level education (75.5% vs. 55.1%, <i>p</i> < 0.05) presented a higher consumption of psychoactive substances. Independent risk factors that are associated with prenatal exposure include: maternal age < 24 years (odds ratio: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.12–5.87), lack of pregnancy care (odds ratio: 7.27; 95%CI: 2.51–21.02), single-mother families (odds ratio: 4.98; 95%CI: 1.37–8.13), and active tobacco smoking (odds ratio: 8.13; 95%CI: 4.03–16.43). Conclusions: These results will allow us to develop several risk-based drug screening approaches to improve the early detection of exposed neonates. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:36:39Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-579eb7fece7b4622853d5280408084fd2023-11-21T14:13:22ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372021-04-0110429610.3390/biology10040296Role of Neonatal Biomarkers of Exposure to Psychoactive Substances to Identify Maternal Socio-Demographic DeterminantsPilar Jarque0Antonia Roca1Isabel Gomila2Emilia Marchei3Roberta Tittarelli4Miguel Ángel Elorza5Pilar Sanchís6Bernardino Barceló7Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Son Espases University Hospital, Valldemossa Road, 79, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, SpainDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Son Espases University Hospital, Valldemossa Road, 79, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, SpainClinical Analysis Service, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Manacor Road, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, SpainNational Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Anatomical, Unit of Forensic Toxicology, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyClinical Toxicology Research Group, Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Valldemossa Road, 79, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, SpainDepartment of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Valldemossa Road, km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, SpainClinical Toxicology Research Group, Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Valldemossa Road, 79, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, SpainBackground: The accurate assessment of fetal exposure to psychoactive substances provides the basis for appropriate clinical care of neonates. The objective of this study was to identify maternal socio-demographic profiles and risk factors for prenatal exposure to drugs of abuse by measuring biomarkers in neonatal matrices. Methods: A prospective, observational cohort study was completed. Biomarkers of fetal exposure were measured in meconium samples. The mothers were interviewed using a questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: A total of 372 mothers were included, 49 (13.2%) testing positive for psychoactive substances use: 24 (49.0%) for cannabis, 11 (22.5%) for ethyl glucuronide, six (12.2%) for cocaine, and in eight (16.3%) more than one psychoactive substance. Mothers who consumed any psychoactive substance (29.7 ± 6.6 years) or cannabis (27.0 ± 5.7 years) were younger than non-users (32.8 ± 6.2 years, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Cocaine (50.0% vs. 96.9%, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and polydrug users (37.5% vs. 96.9%, <i>p</i> < 0.05) showed a lower levels of pregnancy care. Previous abortions were associated with the use of two or more psychoactive substances (87.5% vs. 37.8%, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Single-mother families (14.3% vs. 2.5%, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and mothers with primary level education (75.5% vs. 55.1%, <i>p</i> < 0.05) presented a higher consumption of psychoactive substances. Independent risk factors that are associated with prenatal exposure include: maternal age < 24 years (odds ratio: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.12–5.87), lack of pregnancy care (odds ratio: 7.27; 95%CI: 2.51–21.02), single-mother families (odds ratio: 4.98; 95%CI: 1.37–8.13), and active tobacco smoking (odds ratio: 8.13; 95%CI: 4.03–16.43). Conclusions: These results will allow us to develop several risk-based drug screening approaches to improve the early detection of exposed neonates.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/4/296biomarkersprenatal exposurepsychoactive substancesmeconiumsociodemographic factorsneonatal intensive care unit |
| spellingShingle | Pilar Jarque Antonia Roca Isabel Gomila Emilia Marchei Roberta Tittarelli Miguel Ángel Elorza Pilar Sanchís Bernardino Barceló Role of Neonatal Biomarkers of Exposure to Psychoactive Substances to Identify Maternal Socio-Demographic Determinants Biology biomarkers prenatal exposure psychoactive substances meconium sociodemographic factors neonatal intensive care unit |
| title | Role of Neonatal Biomarkers of Exposure to Psychoactive Substances to Identify Maternal Socio-Demographic Determinants |
| title_full | Role of Neonatal Biomarkers of Exposure to Psychoactive Substances to Identify Maternal Socio-Demographic Determinants |
| title_fullStr | Role of Neonatal Biomarkers of Exposure to Psychoactive Substances to Identify Maternal Socio-Demographic Determinants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Neonatal Biomarkers of Exposure to Psychoactive Substances to Identify Maternal Socio-Demographic Determinants |
| title_short | Role of Neonatal Biomarkers of Exposure to Psychoactive Substances to Identify Maternal Socio-Demographic Determinants |
| title_sort | role of neonatal biomarkers of exposure to psychoactive substances to identify maternal socio demographic determinants |
| topic | biomarkers prenatal exposure psychoactive substances meconium sociodemographic factors neonatal intensive care unit |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/4/296 |
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