Roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids, from mediators to membranes
PUFAs, such as AA and DHA, are recognized as important biomolecules, but understanding their precise roles and modes of action remains challenging. PUFAs are precursors for a plethora of signaling lipids, for which knowledge about synthetic pathways and receptors has accumulated. However, due to the...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Lipid Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227520434844 |
| _version_ | 1818414272396394496 |
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| author | Takeshi Harayama Takao Shimizu |
| author_facet | Takeshi Harayama Takao Shimizu |
| author_sort | Takeshi Harayama |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | PUFAs, such as AA and DHA, are recognized as important biomolecules, but understanding their precise roles and modes of action remains challenging. PUFAs are precursors for a plethora of signaling lipids, for which knowledge about synthetic pathways and receptors has accumulated. However, due to their extreme diversity and the ambiguity concerning the identity of their cognate receptors, the roles of PUFA-derived signaling lipids require more investigation. In addition, PUFA functions cannot be explained just as lipid mediator precursors because they are also critical for the regulation of membrane biophysical properties. The presence of PUFAs in membrane lipids also affects the functions of transmembrane proteins and peripheral membrane proteins. Although the roles of PUFAs as membrane lipid building blocks were difficult to analyze, the discovery of lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs), which are critical for their incorporation, advanced our understanding. Recent studies unveiled how LPLATs affect PUFA levels in membrane lipids, and their genetic manipulation became an excellent strategy to study the roles of PUFA-containing lipids. In this review, we will provide an overview of metabolic pathways regulating PUFAs as lipid mediator precursors and membrane components and update recent progress about their functions. Some issues to be solved for future research will also be discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T11:16:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-57b282c5819a4d01a4bb5271b2855bf7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0022-2275 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T11:16:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Lipid Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-57b282c5819a4d01a4bb5271b2855bf72022-12-21T23:04:01ZengElsevierJournal of Lipid Research0022-22752020-08-0161811501160Roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids, from mediators to membranesTakeshi Harayama0Takao Shimizu1To whom correspondence should be addressed. (T.H); harayama-t@umin.net; Department of Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, JapanTo whom correspondence should be addressed. (T.S.) tshimizu@ri.ncgm.go.jp; Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, JapanPUFAs, such as AA and DHA, are recognized as important biomolecules, but understanding their precise roles and modes of action remains challenging. PUFAs are precursors for a plethora of signaling lipids, for which knowledge about synthetic pathways and receptors has accumulated. However, due to their extreme diversity and the ambiguity concerning the identity of their cognate receptors, the roles of PUFA-derived signaling lipids require more investigation. In addition, PUFA functions cannot be explained just as lipid mediator precursors because they are also critical for the regulation of membrane biophysical properties. The presence of PUFAs in membrane lipids also affects the functions of transmembrane proteins and peripheral membrane proteins. Although the roles of PUFAs as membrane lipid building blocks were difficult to analyze, the discovery of lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs), which are critical for their incorporation, advanced our understanding. Recent studies unveiled how LPLATs affect PUFA levels in membrane lipids, and their genetic manipulation became an excellent strategy to study the roles of PUFA-containing lipids. In this review, we will provide an overview of metabolic pathways regulating PUFAs as lipid mediator precursors and membrane components and update recent progress about their functions. Some issues to be solved for future research will also be discussed.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227520434844membrane biologyeicosanoidsG protein-coupled receptorsmembrane biophysicsglycerophospholipids |
| spellingShingle | Takeshi Harayama Takao Shimizu Roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids, from mediators to membranes Journal of Lipid Research membrane biology eicosanoids G protein-coupled receptors membrane biophysics glycerophospholipids |
| title | Roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids, from mediators to membranes |
| title_full | Roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids, from mediators to membranes |
| title_fullStr | Roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids, from mediators to membranes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids, from mediators to membranes |
| title_short | Roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids, from mediators to membranes |
| title_sort | roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids from mediators to membranes |
| topic | membrane biology eicosanoids G protein-coupled receptors membrane biophysics glycerophospholipids |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227520434844 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT takeshiharayama rolesofpolyunsaturatedfattyacidsfrommediatorstomembranes AT takaoshimizu rolesofpolyunsaturatedfattyacidsfrommediatorstomembranes |