The Neolithic site “La Marmotta”: DNA metabarcoding to identify the microbial deterioration of waterlogged archeological wood
IntroductionThe evaluation of biological degradation of waterlogged archeological wood is crucial to choose the conservative and protective treatments to be applied to the wooden material. The waterlogged environmental conditions are characterized by oxygen scarcity, only allowing the growth of adap...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1129983/full |
| _version_ | 1797862028988121088 |
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| author | Marzia Beccaccioli Claudia Moricca Luigi Faino Rita Reale Mario Mineo Massimo Reverberi |
| author_facet | Marzia Beccaccioli Claudia Moricca Luigi Faino Rita Reale Mario Mineo Massimo Reverberi |
| author_sort | Marzia Beccaccioli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe evaluation of biological degradation of waterlogged archeological wood is crucial to choose the conservative and protective treatments to be applied to the wooden material. The waterlogged environmental conditions are characterized by oxygen scarcity, only allowing the growth of adapted microbes capable to degrade the organic wooden material, mainly erosion bacteria and soft-rot fungi. In this work, we characterized and evaluated the biodegradation state and the microbial communities of wooden fragments preserved in storage tanks. These were preserved by waterlogging within the Neolithic village “La Marmotta,” currently found under the Bracciano Lake (Lazio, Italy).MethodsThe waterlogged wood samples were first identified taxonomically with an optical microscope, also allowing an evaluation of their preservation state. The microbial community was then evaluated through the sequencing of Internal Transcribed Spacer sequences for fungi and 16S for bacteria with the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) MinION platform.ResultsThe identified microbial community appears to be consistent with the waterlogged samples, as many bacteria attributable to the erosion of wood and ligninolytic fungi have been sequenced.DiscussionThe reported results highlight the first use of targeted metabarcoding by ONT applied to study the biodeterioration of waterlogged archeological wood. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:12:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-57c141cbccea4526831ed6a314062fe4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:12:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-57c141cbccea4526831ed6a314062fe42023-03-23T06:47:21ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2023-03-011410.3389/fmicb.2023.11299831129983The Neolithic site “La Marmotta”: DNA metabarcoding to identify the microbial deterioration of waterlogged archeological woodMarzia Beccaccioli0Claudia Moricca1Luigi Faino2Rita Reale3Mario Mineo4Massimo Reverberi5Department of Environmental Biology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Biology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Biology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, ItalyChemistry Applied to Restoration, A. Galli Academy, Via Petrarca, Como, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Biology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Biology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, ItalyIntroductionThe evaluation of biological degradation of waterlogged archeological wood is crucial to choose the conservative and protective treatments to be applied to the wooden material. The waterlogged environmental conditions are characterized by oxygen scarcity, only allowing the growth of adapted microbes capable to degrade the organic wooden material, mainly erosion bacteria and soft-rot fungi. In this work, we characterized and evaluated the biodegradation state and the microbial communities of wooden fragments preserved in storage tanks. These were preserved by waterlogging within the Neolithic village “La Marmotta,” currently found under the Bracciano Lake (Lazio, Italy).MethodsThe waterlogged wood samples were first identified taxonomically with an optical microscope, also allowing an evaluation of their preservation state. The microbial community was then evaluated through the sequencing of Internal Transcribed Spacer sequences for fungi and 16S for bacteria with the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) MinION platform.ResultsThe identified microbial community appears to be consistent with the waterlogged samples, as many bacteria attributable to the erosion of wood and ligninolytic fungi have been sequenced.DiscussionThe reported results highlight the first use of targeted metabarcoding by ONT applied to study the biodeterioration of waterlogged archeological wood.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1129983/fullwood biodegradationamplicon sequencingerosion bacteriaarcheological waterlogged woodNeolithic |
| spellingShingle | Marzia Beccaccioli Claudia Moricca Luigi Faino Rita Reale Mario Mineo Massimo Reverberi The Neolithic site “La Marmotta”: DNA metabarcoding to identify the microbial deterioration of waterlogged archeological wood Frontiers in Microbiology wood biodegradation amplicon sequencing erosion bacteria archeological waterlogged wood Neolithic |
| title | The Neolithic site “La Marmotta”: DNA metabarcoding to identify the microbial deterioration of waterlogged archeological wood |
| title_full | The Neolithic site “La Marmotta”: DNA metabarcoding to identify the microbial deterioration of waterlogged archeological wood |
| title_fullStr | The Neolithic site “La Marmotta”: DNA metabarcoding to identify the microbial deterioration of waterlogged archeological wood |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Neolithic site “La Marmotta”: DNA metabarcoding to identify the microbial deterioration of waterlogged archeological wood |
| title_short | The Neolithic site “La Marmotta”: DNA metabarcoding to identify the microbial deterioration of waterlogged archeological wood |
| title_sort | neolithic site la marmotta dna metabarcoding to identify the microbial deterioration of waterlogged archeological wood |
| topic | wood biodegradation amplicon sequencing erosion bacteria archeological waterlogged wood Neolithic |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1129983/full |
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