Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer Application on Soil Properties, Citrus Growth Physiology, and Yield
Chemical fertilizer has been excessively used for high yield of citrus around the world, especially in China; meanwhile, it deteriorates the citrus orchard soil environment. To resolve the conflict, the use of organic fertilizer provides a promising solution. However, the data about organic fertiliz...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/12/1207 |
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| author | Lian-Jie Wan Yang Tian Man He Yong-Qiang Zheng Qiang Lyu Rang-Jin Xie Yan-Yan Ma Lie Deng Shi-Lai Yi |
| author_facet | Lian-Jie Wan Yang Tian Man He Yong-Qiang Zheng Qiang Lyu Rang-Jin Xie Yan-Yan Ma Lie Deng Shi-Lai Yi |
| author_sort | Lian-Jie Wan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chemical fertilizer has been excessively used for high yield of citrus around the world, especially in China; meanwhile, it deteriorates the citrus orchard soil environment. To resolve the conflict, the use of organic fertilizer provides a promising solution. However, the data about organic fertilizer used in citrus orchard is rarely available. Here, four treatments including CK (no fertilizer), CF (chemical fertilizer), OF + CF (chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer; application of N, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>O fertilizer and organic fertilizer is 0.564, 0.236, 0.336 and 10 kg/plant), and BF + CF (chemical fertilizer reduction combined with bioorganic fertilizer; application of N, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>O fertilizer and bioorganic fertilizer is 0.508, 0.320, 0.310 and 10 kg/plant) were performed in a ‘Ponkan’ (<i>Citrus reticulata</i> Blanco) orchard to evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer on citrus yield, growth, soil properties etc. when nutrients of fertilizer of each treatment were equal except CK. The data obtained in 2019 and 2020 showed that both OF + CF and BF + CF were beneficial to improve soil fertility (soil physicochemical and microbe properties) and citrus growth physiology (growth, nutrient and photosynthesis), alleviate NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N leaching, and promote yields. Comprehensive evaluation indicated that BF + CF was more effective than OF + CF. Together, organic fertilizer has the potential to substitute partial chemical fertilizer with improvement in soil properties, growth physiology, and yield of citrus. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:41:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-57c7ade0625c4d9a97f3f5a810b7f0ef |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:41:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-57c7ade0625c4d9a97f3f5a810b7f0ef2023-11-23T03:18:58ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722021-11-011112120710.3390/agriculture11121207Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer Application on Soil Properties, Citrus Growth Physiology, and YieldLian-Jie Wan0Yang Tian1Man He2Yong-Qiang Zheng3Qiang Lyu4Rang-Jin Xie5Yan-Yan Ma6Lie Deng7Shi-Lai Yi8National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, ChinaNational Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, ChinaNational Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, ChinaNational Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, ChinaNational Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, ChinaNational Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, ChinaNational Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, ChinaNational Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, ChinaNational Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, ChinaChemical fertilizer has been excessively used for high yield of citrus around the world, especially in China; meanwhile, it deteriorates the citrus orchard soil environment. To resolve the conflict, the use of organic fertilizer provides a promising solution. However, the data about organic fertilizer used in citrus orchard is rarely available. Here, four treatments including CK (no fertilizer), CF (chemical fertilizer), OF + CF (chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer; application of N, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>O fertilizer and organic fertilizer is 0.564, 0.236, 0.336 and 10 kg/plant), and BF + CF (chemical fertilizer reduction combined with bioorganic fertilizer; application of N, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>O fertilizer and bioorganic fertilizer is 0.508, 0.320, 0.310 and 10 kg/plant) were performed in a ‘Ponkan’ (<i>Citrus reticulata</i> Blanco) orchard to evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer on citrus yield, growth, soil properties etc. when nutrients of fertilizer of each treatment were equal except CK. The data obtained in 2019 and 2020 showed that both OF + CF and BF + CF were beneficial to improve soil fertility (soil physicochemical and microbe properties) and citrus growth physiology (growth, nutrient and photosynthesis), alleviate NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N leaching, and promote yields. Comprehensive evaluation indicated that BF + CF was more effective than OF + CF. Together, organic fertilizer has the potential to substitute partial chemical fertilizer with improvement in soil properties, growth physiology, and yield of citrus.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/12/1207Ponkanorganic fertilizersoil propertiesphotosynthesisyield |
| spellingShingle | Lian-Jie Wan Yang Tian Man He Yong-Qiang Zheng Qiang Lyu Rang-Jin Xie Yan-Yan Ma Lie Deng Shi-Lai Yi Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer Application on Soil Properties, Citrus Growth Physiology, and Yield Agriculture Ponkan organic fertilizer soil properties photosynthesis yield |
| title | Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer Application on Soil Properties, Citrus Growth Physiology, and Yield |
| title_full | Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer Application on Soil Properties, Citrus Growth Physiology, and Yield |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer Application on Soil Properties, Citrus Growth Physiology, and Yield |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer Application on Soil Properties, Citrus Growth Physiology, and Yield |
| title_short | Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer Application on Soil Properties, Citrus Growth Physiology, and Yield |
| title_sort | effects of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer application on soil properties citrus growth physiology and yield |
| topic | Ponkan organic fertilizer soil properties photosynthesis yield |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/12/1207 |
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