Climatic Regulation of Vegetation Phenology in Protected Areas along Western South America
Using 19 years of remotely sensed Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), we examined the effects of climatic variability on terrestrial vegetation of six protected areas along southwestern South America, from the semiarid edge of the Atacama desert to southern Patagonia (<inline-formula><math xml...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2590 |
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| author | Carlos Lara Gonzalo S. Saldías Bernard Cazelles Marcelo M. Rivadeneira Richard Muñoz Alexander Galán Álvaro L. Paredes Pablo Fierro Bernardo R. Broitman |
| author_facet | Carlos Lara Gonzalo S. Saldías Bernard Cazelles Marcelo M. Rivadeneira Richard Muñoz Alexander Galán Álvaro L. Paredes Pablo Fierro Bernardo R. Broitman |
| author_sort | Carlos Lara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Using 19 years of remotely sensed Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), we examined the effects of climatic variability on terrestrial vegetation of six protected areas along southwestern South America, from the semiarid edge of the Atacama desert to southern Patagonia (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>30</mn><mo>°</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>S–<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>51</mn><mo>°</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>S). The relationship between satellite phenology and climate indices, namely MEI (Multivariate ENSO Index), PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation) and SAM (Southern Annular Mode) were established using statistical analyses for non-stationary patterns. The annual mode of phenological activity fluctuated in strength through time from the semiarid region to the border of southern Patagonia. Concomitantly, enhanced synchrony between EVI and climatic oscillations appeared over interannual cycles. Cross correlations revealed that variability in MEI was the lead predictor of EVI fluctuations over scales shorter than 4 months at lower latitudes and for the most poleward study site. The PDO was correlated with EVI over lags longer than 4 months at low latitude sites, while the SAM showed relationships with EVI only for sites located around <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>40</mn><mo>°</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>S. Our results indicate that the long-term phenological variability of the vegetation within protected areas along southwestern South America is controlled by processes linked to climate indices and that their influence varies latitudinally. Further studies over longer time scales will be needed to improve our understanding the impacts of climate change on vegetation condition and its effect over phenological variability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:49:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-57cc1e055e784b18af2169d061bf3f06 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:49:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-57cc1e055e784b18af2169d061bf3f062023-11-22T02:49:29ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922021-07-011313259010.3390/rs13132590Climatic Regulation of Vegetation Phenology in Protected Areas along Western South AmericaCarlos Lara0Gonzalo S. Saldías1Bernard Cazelles2Marcelo M. Rivadeneira3Richard Muñoz4Alexander Galán5Álvaro L. Paredes6Pablo Fierro7Bernardo R. Broitman8Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, ChileDepartamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4051381, ChileUMMISCO, UMI 209, Sorbonne Université-IRD, 75006 Paris, FranceCentro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, Coquimbo 1781681, ChilePrograma de Magister en Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, ChileCentro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado & Departamento de Obras Civiles, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, ChileData Observatory Foundation, Santiago 7941169, ChileInstituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, ChileDepartamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales and Bioengineering Innovation Center, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar 2562340, ChileUsing 19 years of remotely sensed Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), we examined the effects of climatic variability on terrestrial vegetation of six protected areas along southwestern South America, from the semiarid edge of the Atacama desert to southern Patagonia (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>30</mn><mo>°</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>S–<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>51</mn><mo>°</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>S). The relationship between satellite phenology and climate indices, namely MEI (Multivariate ENSO Index), PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation) and SAM (Southern Annular Mode) were established using statistical analyses for non-stationary patterns. The annual mode of phenological activity fluctuated in strength through time from the semiarid region to the border of southern Patagonia. Concomitantly, enhanced synchrony between EVI and climatic oscillations appeared over interannual cycles. Cross correlations revealed that variability in MEI was the lead predictor of EVI fluctuations over scales shorter than 4 months at lower latitudes and for the most poleward study site. The PDO was correlated with EVI over lags longer than 4 months at low latitude sites, while the SAM showed relationships with EVI only for sites located around <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>40</mn><mo>°</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>S. Our results indicate that the long-term phenological variability of the vegetation within protected areas along southwestern South America is controlled by processes linked to climate indices and that their influence varies latitudinally. Further studies over longer time scales will be needed to improve our understanding the impacts of climate change on vegetation condition and its effect over phenological variability.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2590climatic changevegetation indexMODISphenologylong-term variability |
| spellingShingle | Carlos Lara Gonzalo S. Saldías Bernard Cazelles Marcelo M. Rivadeneira Richard Muñoz Alexander Galán Álvaro L. Paredes Pablo Fierro Bernardo R. Broitman Climatic Regulation of Vegetation Phenology in Protected Areas along Western South America Remote Sensing climatic change vegetation index MODIS phenology long-term variability |
| title | Climatic Regulation of Vegetation Phenology in Protected Areas along Western South America |
| title_full | Climatic Regulation of Vegetation Phenology in Protected Areas along Western South America |
| title_fullStr | Climatic Regulation of Vegetation Phenology in Protected Areas along Western South America |
| title_full_unstemmed | Climatic Regulation of Vegetation Phenology in Protected Areas along Western South America |
| title_short | Climatic Regulation of Vegetation Phenology in Protected Areas along Western South America |
| title_sort | climatic regulation of vegetation phenology in protected areas along western south america |
| topic | climatic change vegetation index MODIS phenology long-term variability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2590 |
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