The optimum economic nitrogen rate of blended controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for rice in the Chanoyu watershed in the Yangtze River Delta, China
IntroductionThe application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRN) has become an important production method to achieve high crop yield and ecological safety. However, the rate of urea-blended CRN for rice is usually determined by conventional urea, and the actual rate is still unclear.Meth...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1144461/full |
| _version_ | 1797849234135842816 |
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| author | Manman Yuan Yixiang Sun Gang Wu Jiabao Wang Chuang Liu Tongtong Tang Xiangming Zhang Wenjun Wang Yudan Jing |
| author_facet | Manman Yuan Yixiang Sun Gang Wu Jiabao Wang Chuang Liu Tongtong Tang Xiangming Zhang Wenjun Wang Yudan Jing |
| author_sort | Manman Yuan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRN) has become an important production method to achieve high crop yield and ecological safety. However, the rate of urea-blended CRN for rice is usually determined by conventional urea, and the actual rate is still unclear.MethodsA five-year field experiment was carried out in the Chaohu watershed in the Yangtze River Delta to study rice yield, N fertilizer utilization efficiency (NUE), ammonia (NH3) volatilization and economic benefit under the four urea-blended CRN treatments with a 4:3:3 ratio applied at one time (60, 120, 180, 240 kg/hm2, CRN60, CRN120, CRN180, CRN240), four conventional N fertilizer treatments (N60, N120, N180, N240) and a control without N fertilizer (N0).Results and DiscussionThe results showed that the N released from the blended CRNs could well satisfy the N demand of rice growth. Similar to the conventional N fertilizer treatments, a quadratic equation was used to model the relationship between rice yield and N rate under the blended CRN treatments. The blended CRN treatments increased rice yield by 0.9-8.2% and NUE by 6.9-14.8%, respectively, compared with the conventional N fertilizer treatments at the same N application rate. The increase in NUE in response to applied blended CRN was related to the reduction in NH3 volatilization. Based on the quadratic equation, the five-year average NUE under the blended CRN treatment was 42.0% when rice yield reached the maximum, which was 28.9% higher than that under the conventional N fertilizer treatment. Among all treatments, CRN180 had the highest yield and net benefit in 2019. Considering the yield output, environmental loss, labor and fertilizer costs, the optimum economic N rate under the blended CRN treatment in the Chaohu watershed was 180-214 kg/hm2, compared with 212-278 kg/hm2 under the conventional N fertilizer treatment. The findings suggest that blended CRN improved rice yield, NUE and economic income while decreasing NH3 volatilization and negative environmental outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:41:39Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:41:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-57cc47b6738b43379883f19356bdcb522023-04-11T04:41:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2023-04-011410.3389/fpls.2023.11444611144461The optimum economic nitrogen rate of blended controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for rice in the Chanoyu watershed in the Yangtze River Delta, ChinaManman Yuan0Yixiang Sun1Gang Wu2Jiabao Wang3Chuang Liu4Tongtong Tang5Xiangming Zhang6Wenjun Wang7Yudan Jing8Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling, Resources and Environment of Anhui, Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, ChinaKey Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling, Resources and Environment of Anhui, Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, ChinaKey Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling, Resources and Environment of Anhui, Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, ChinaKey Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling, Resources and Environment of Anhui, Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, ChinaKey Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling, Resources and Environment of Anhui, Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, ChinaSchool of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling, Resources and Environment of Anhui, Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, ChinaSchool of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, ChinaSchool of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, ChinaIntroductionThe application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRN) has become an important production method to achieve high crop yield and ecological safety. However, the rate of urea-blended CRN for rice is usually determined by conventional urea, and the actual rate is still unclear.MethodsA five-year field experiment was carried out in the Chaohu watershed in the Yangtze River Delta to study rice yield, N fertilizer utilization efficiency (NUE), ammonia (NH3) volatilization and economic benefit under the four urea-blended CRN treatments with a 4:3:3 ratio applied at one time (60, 120, 180, 240 kg/hm2, CRN60, CRN120, CRN180, CRN240), four conventional N fertilizer treatments (N60, N120, N180, N240) and a control without N fertilizer (N0).Results and DiscussionThe results showed that the N released from the blended CRNs could well satisfy the N demand of rice growth. Similar to the conventional N fertilizer treatments, a quadratic equation was used to model the relationship between rice yield and N rate under the blended CRN treatments. The blended CRN treatments increased rice yield by 0.9-8.2% and NUE by 6.9-14.8%, respectively, compared with the conventional N fertilizer treatments at the same N application rate. The increase in NUE in response to applied blended CRN was related to the reduction in NH3 volatilization. Based on the quadratic equation, the five-year average NUE under the blended CRN treatment was 42.0% when rice yield reached the maximum, which was 28.9% higher than that under the conventional N fertilizer treatment. Among all treatments, CRN180 had the highest yield and net benefit in 2019. Considering the yield output, environmental loss, labor and fertilizer costs, the optimum economic N rate under the blended CRN treatment in the Chaohu watershed was 180-214 kg/hm2, compared with 212-278 kg/hm2 under the conventional N fertilizer treatment. The findings suggest that blended CRN improved rice yield, NUE and economic income while decreasing NH3 volatilization and negative environmental outcomes.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1144461/fulloptimum economic nitrogen ratenitrogen releasericeyieldNH3 volatilizationenvironmental loss |
| spellingShingle | Manman Yuan Yixiang Sun Gang Wu Jiabao Wang Chuang Liu Tongtong Tang Xiangming Zhang Wenjun Wang Yudan Jing The optimum economic nitrogen rate of blended controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for rice in the Chanoyu watershed in the Yangtze River Delta, China Frontiers in Plant Science optimum economic nitrogen rate nitrogen release rice yield NH3 volatilization environmental loss |
| title | The optimum economic nitrogen rate of blended controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for rice in the Chanoyu watershed in the Yangtze River Delta, China |
| title_full | The optimum economic nitrogen rate of blended controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for rice in the Chanoyu watershed in the Yangtze River Delta, China |
| title_fullStr | The optimum economic nitrogen rate of blended controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for rice in the Chanoyu watershed in the Yangtze River Delta, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | The optimum economic nitrogen rate of blended controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for rice in the Chanoyu watershed in the Yangtze River Delta, China |
| title_short | The optimum economic nitrogen rate of blended controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for rice in the Chanoyu watershed in the Yangtze River Delta, China |
| title_sort | optimum economic nitrogen rate of blended controlled release nitrogen fertilizer for rice in the chanoyu watershed in the yangtze river delta china |
| topic | optimum economic nitrogen rate nitrogen release rice yield NH3 volatilization environmental loss |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1144461/full |
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