Understanding and experience of adverse event following immunization (AEFI) and its consequences among healthcare providers in Kebbi State, Nigeria: a qualitative study
Abstract Background Vaccines used in the national immunization program are relatively safe and effective. However, no vaccine is perfectly safe. Therefore, adverse reactions may occur. This study aimed to investigate the understanding and experience of Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI) amo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | BMC Health Services Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08133-9 |
| _version_ | 1817971094781427712 |
|---|---|
| author | Semeeh Akinwale Omoleke Biniam Getachew Abubakar Isyaku Abdulrasheed Bello Aliyu Ashiru Mohammed Mustapha Shafiu Muhammad Dansanda Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi Hafsat Abubakar Zahraddeen Ibrahim Lawal Haruna Abdullahi Kangiwa |
| author_facet | Semeeh Akinwale Omoleke Biniam Getachew Abubakar Isyaku Abdulrasheed Bello Aliyu Ashiru Mohammed Mustapha Shafiu Muhammad Dansanda Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi Hafsat Abubakar Zahraddeen Ibrahim Lawal Haruna Abdullahi Kangiwa |
| author_sort | Semeeh Akinwale Omoleke |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Vaccines used in the national immunization program are relatively safe and effective. However, no vaccine is perfectly safe. Therefore, adverse reactions may occur. This study aimed to investigate the understanding and experience of Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI) among healthcare workers and Routine Immunization (RI) officers. Methods Phenomenological qualitative study was conducted between June and September 2019, using a semi-structured question guide in Kebbi State, Northwest Nigeria. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 12 RI providers, eight Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) officers, and eight Disease Surveillance and Notification Officers. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The interviews were transcribed and translated, then manually analyzed thematically. Results The knowledge level of healthcare providers on AEFI definition and classification varied and was suboptimal. Error during vaccination was the study participants' most frequently mentioned possible cause of AEFI. Persistent crying, fever, fainting, and swelling and tenderness at injection sites were the AEFI experienced by the healthcare providers in their careers. Block rejection, lower immunization uptake, loss of confidence in RI, attack on RI providers, discrimination of RI providers and divorce threats among spouses were the consequences of AEFI. Supportive supervision of the RI sessions, refresher training on safe injection for RI providers, and symptomatic treatment of clients with AEFI would prevent AEFI consequences. Also, educating caregivers, community sensitization, and dialogue would minimize the consequences of AEFI. Conclusions Evidence of a sub-optimal understanding of AEFI was established in this study. Hence, policymakers should consider regular refresher training on AEFI to ensure all RI providers have an optimal understanding of AEFI. Health education of caregivers and parents during RI sessions and community engagement should be considered to minimise AEFI consequences on the immunization program and the society. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T20:43:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-57d4c853596e4a9f8ca06b38dc45ca4e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6963 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T20:43:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Health Services Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-57d4c853596e4a9f8ca06b38dc45ca4e2022-12-22T02:30:48ZengBMCBMC Health Services Research1472-69632022-06-012211810.1186/s12913-022-08133-9Understanding and experience of adverse event following immunization (AEFI) and its consequences among healthcare providers in Kebbi State, Nigeria: a qualitative studySemeeh Akinwale Omoleke0Biniam Getachew1Abubakar Isyaku2Abdulrasheed Bello Aliyu3Ashiru Mohammed Mustapha4Shafiu Muhammad Dansanda5Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi6Hafsat Abubakar7Zahraddeen Ibrahim Lawal8Haruna Abdullahi Kangiwa9Doctoral Programme in International Public Health, Euclid UniversitySTOP Consultant, Stop Transmission of Polio (STOP) ProgramVeterinary Public Health, Ministry of Animal Health, Husbandry and FisheriesDoctoral Programme in International Public Health, Euclid UniversityUSAID Integrated Health Program, Kebbi StateThe Children International, Breakthrough Action Nigeria ProjectChild Health and Wellbeing (CHAW) Program, Cephas Health Research Initiative IncHealth Safety and Environment Department, Nigerian Pipelines and Storage Company, Nigerian National Petroleum CorporationDoctoral Programme in International Public Health, Euclid UniversityImmunization and Disease Control Department, Kebbi State Primary Health Care Development AgencyAbstract Background Vaccines used in the national immunization program are relatively safe and effective. However, no vaccine is perfectly safe. Therefore, adverse reactions may occur. This study aimed to investigate the understanding and experience of Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI) among healthcare workers and Routine Immunization (RI) officers. Methods Phenomenological qualitative study was conducted between June and September 2019, using a semi-structured question guide in Kebbi State, Northwest Nigeria. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 12 RI providers, eight Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) officers, and eight Disease Surveillance and Notification Officers. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The interviews were transcribed and translated, then manually analyzed thematically. Results The knowledge level of healthcare providers on AEFI definition and classification varied and was suboptimal. Error during vaccination was the study participants' most frequently mentioned possible cause of AEFI. Persistent crying, fever, fainting, and swelling and tenderness at injection sites were the AEFI experienced by the healthcare providers in their careers. Block rejection, lower immunization uptake, loss of confidence in RI, attack on RI providers, discrimination of RI providers and divorce threats among spouses were the consequences of AEFI. Supportive supervision of the RI sessions, refresher training on safe injection for RI providers, and symptomatic treatment of clients with AEFI would prevent AEFI consequences. Also, educating caregivers, community sensitization, and dialogue would minimize the consequences of AEFI. Conclusions Evidence of a sub-optimal understanding of AEFI was established in this study. Hence, policymakers should consider regular refresher training on AEFI to ensure all RI providers have an optimal understanding of AEFI. Health education of caregivers and parents during RI sessions and community engagement should be considered to minimise AEFI consequences on the immunization program and the society.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08133-9Adverse event following immunization (AEFI)Healthcare providerUnderstanding and experienceNigeria |
| spellingShingle | Semeeh Akinwale Omoleke Biniam Getachew Abubakar Isyaku Abdulrasheed Bello Aliyu Ashiru Mohammed Mustapha Shafiu Muhammad Dansanda Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi Hafsat Abubakar Zahraddeen Ibrahim Lawal Haruna Abdullahi Kangiwa Understanding and experience of adverse event following immunization (AEFI) and its consequences among healthcare providers in Kebbi State, Nigeria: a qualitative study BMC Health Services Research Adverse event following immunization (AEFI) Healthcare provider Understanding and experience Nigeria |
| title | Understanding and experience of adverse event following immunization (AEFI) and its consequences among healthcare providers in Kebbi State, Nigeria: a qualitative study |
| title_full | Understanding and experience of adverse event following immunization (AEFI) and its consequences among healthcare providers in Kebbi State, Nigeria: a qualitative study |
| title_fullStr | Understanding and experience of adverse event following immunization (AEFI) and its consequences among healthcare providers in Kebbi State, Nigeria: a qualitative study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding and experience of adverse event following immunization (AEFI) and its consequences among healthcare providers in Kebbi State, Nigeria: a qualitative study |
| title_short | Understanding and experience of adverse event following immunization (AEFI) and its consequences among healthcare providers in Kebbi State, Nigeria: a qualitative study |
| title_sort | understanding and experience of adverse event following immunization aefi and its consequences among healthcare providers in kebbi state nigeria a qualitative study |
| topic | Adverse event following immunization (AEFI) Healthcare provider Understanding and experience Nigeria |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08133-9 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT semeehakinwaleomoleke understandingandexperienceofadverseeventfollowingimmunizationaefianditsconsequencesamonghealthcareprovidersinkebbistatenigeriaaqualitativestudy AT biniamgetachew understandingandexperienceofadverseeventfollowingimmunizationaefianditsconsequencesamonghealthcareprovidersinkebbistatenigeriaaqualitativestudy AT abubakarisyaku understandingandexperienceofadverseeventfollowingimmunizationaefianditsconsequencesamonghealthcareprovidersinkebbistatenigeriaaqualitativestudy AT abdulrasheedbelloaliyu understandingandexperienceofadverseeventfollowingimmunizationaefianditsconsequencesamonghealthcareprovidersinkebbistatenigeriaaqualitativestudy AT ashirumohammedmustapha understandingandexperienceofadverseeventfollowingimmunizationaefianditsconsequencesamonghealthcareprovidersinkebbistatenigeriaaqualitativestudy AT shafiumuhammaddansanda understandingandexperienceofadverseeventfollowingimmunizationaefianditsconsequencesamonghealthcareprovidersinkebbistatenigeriaaqualitativestudy AT kehindekazeemkanmodi understandingandexperienceofadverseeventfollowingimmunizationaefianditsconsequencesamonghealthcareprovidersinkebbistatenigeriaaqualitativestudy AT hafsatabubakar understandingandexperienceofadverseeventfollowingimmunizationaefianditsconsequencesamonghealthcareprovidersinkebbistatenigeriaaqualitativestudy AT zahraddeenibrahimlawal understandingandexperienceofadverseeventfollowingimmunizationaefianditsconsequencesamonghealthcareprovidersinkebbistatenigeriaaqualitativestudy AT harunaabdullahikangiwa understandingandexperienceofadverseeventfollowingimmunizationaefianditsconsequencesamonghealthcareprovidersinkebbistatenigeriaaqualitativestudy |