The Role and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a malignant pulmonary vascular disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary vasoconstriction, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Recent developments in genomics and metabolomics have gradually revealed the roles of the gut micro...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/20/4278 |
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| author | Yi-Hang Chen Wen Yuan Liu-Kun Meng Jiu-Chang Zhong Xiao-Yan Liu |
| author_facet | Yi-Hang Chen Wen Yuan Liu-Kun Meng Jiu-Chang Zhong Xiao-Yan Liu |
| author_sort | Yi-Hang Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a malignant pulmonary vascular disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary vasoconstriction, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Recent developments in genomics and metabolomics have gradually revealed the roles of the gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites in cardiovascular diseases. Accumulating evidence reveals that the GM plays important roles in the occurrence and development of PAH. Gut microbiota dysbiosis directly increases the gut permeability, thereby facilitating pathological bacterial translocation and allowing translocation of bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharides from the gut into circulation. This process aggravates pulmonary perivascular inflammation and exacerbates PAH development through the endothelial–mesenchymal transition. Additionally, a shift in the composition of PAH also affects the gut metabolites. Changes in gut metabolites, such as decreased short-chain fatty acids, increased trimethylamine N-oxide, and elevated serotonin, contribute to pulmonary perivascular inflammation and pulmonary vascular remodeling by activating several signaling pathways. Studies of the intestinal microbiota in treating pulmonary hypertension have strengthened linkages between the GM and PAH. Probiotic therapy and fecal microbiota transplantation may supplement existing PAH treatments. In this article, we provide new insight for diagnosing, preventing and treating PAH by adding to the current knowledge of the intestinal flora mechanisms and its metabolites efficacy involved in PAH. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:39:24Z |
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| id | doaj.art-57de20de07e54b9d9a9e7a43a4a91272 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:39:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-57de20de07e54b9d9a9e7a43a4a912722023-11-24T01:43:40ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-10-011420427810.3390/nu14204278The Role and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota in Pulmonary Arterial HypertensionYi-Hang Chen0Wen Yuan1Liu-Kun Meng2Jiu-Chang Zhong3Xiao-Yan Liu4Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, ChinaMedical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100032, ChinaHeart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, ChinaHeart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, ChinaPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a malignant pulmonary vascular disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary vasoconstriction, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Recent developments in genomics and metabolomics have gradually revealed the roles of the gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites in cardiovascular diseases. Accumulating evidence reveals that the GM plays important roles in the occurrence and development of PAH. Gut microbiota dysbiosis directly increases the gut permeability, thereby facilitating pathological bacterial translocation and allowing translocation of bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharides from the gut into circulation. This process aggravates pulmonary perivascular inflammation and exacerbates PAH development through the endothelial–mesenchymal transition. Additionally, a shift in the composition of PAH also affects the gut metabolites. Changes in gut metabolites, such as decreased short-chain fatty acids, increased trimethylamine N-oxide, and elevated serotonin, contribute to pulmonary perivascular inflammation and pulmonary vascular remodeling by activating several signaling pathways. Studies of the intestinal microbiota in treating pulmonary hypertension have strengthened linkages between the GM and PAH. Probiotic therapy and fecal microbiota transplantation may supplement existing PAH treatments. In this article, we provide new insight for diagnosing, preventing and treating PAH by adding to the current knowledge of the intestinal flora mechanisms and its metabolites efficacy involved in PAH.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/20/4278pulmonary arterial hypertensiongut microbiota dysbiosispulmonary vascular remodelingmetabolismprebiotics and probioticsmicrobiota transfer therapy |
| spellingShingle | Yi-Hang Chen Wen Yuan Liu-Kun Meng Jiu-Chang Zhong Xiao-Yan Liu The Role and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Nutrients pulmonary arterial hypertension gut microbiota dysbiosis pulmonary vascular remodeling metabolism prebiotics and probiotics microbiota transfer therapy |
| title | The Role and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension |
| title_full | The Role and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension |
| title_fullStr | The Role and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension |
| title_short | The Role and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension |
| title_sort | role and mechanism of gut microbiota in pulmonary arterial hypertension |
| topic | pulmonary arterial hypertension gut microbiota dysbiosis pulmonary vascular remodeling metabolism prebiotics and probiotics microbiota transfer therapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/20/4278 |
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