Assessment of Shoot Priming Efficiency to Counteract Complex Metal Stress in Halotolerant <i>Lobularia maritima</i>
The study investigated whether short-term priming supports plant defense against complex metal stress and multiple stress (metals and salinity) in halophyte <i>Lobularia maritima</i> (L.) Desv. Plants were pre-treated with ectoine (Ect), nitric oxide donor—sodium nitroprusside (SNP), or...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/7/1440 |
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| author | Alina Wiszniewska Wojciech Makowski |
| author_facet | Alina Wiszniewska Wojciech Makowski |
| author_sort | Alina Wiszniewska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The study investigated whether short-term priming supports plant defense against complex metal stress and multiple stress (metals and salinity) in halophyte <i>Lobularia maritima</i> (L.) Desv. Plants were pre-treated with ectoine (Ect), nitric oxide donor—sodium nitroprusside (SNP), or hydrogen sulfide donor—GYY4137 for 7 days, and were transferred onto medium containing a mixture of metal ions: Zn, Pb, and Cd. To test the effect of priming agents in multiple stress conditions, shoots were also subjected to low salinity (20 mM NaCl), applied alone, or combined with metals. Hydropriming was a control priming treatment. Stress impact was evaluated on a basis of growth parameters, whereas defense responses were on a basis of the detoxification activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST), radical scavenging activity, and accumulation of thiols and phenolic compounds. Exposure to metals reduced shoot biomass and height but had no impact on the formation of new shoots. Priming with nitric oxide annihilated the toxic effects of metals. It was related to a sharp increase in GST activity, glutathione accumulation, and boosted radical scavenging activity. In NO-treated shoots level of total phenolic compounds (TPC) and flavonoids remained unaffected, in contrast to other metal-treated shoots. Under combined metal stress and salinity, NO and H<sub>2</sub>S were capable of restoring or improving growth parameters, as they stimulated radical scavenging activity. Ect and H<sub>2</sub>S did not exert any effect on metal-treated shoots in comparison to hydropriming. The results revealed the stimulatory role of nitric oxide and low doses of NaCl in combating the toxic effects of complex metal stress in <i>L. maritima</i>. Both NO and NaCl interfered with thiol metabolism and antioxidant activity, whereas NaCl also contributed to the accumulation of phenolic compounds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:27:40Z |
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| id | doaj.art-57def501a305480b8e795763453d17f7 |
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| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:27:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-57def501a305480b8e795763453d17f72023-11-17T17:22:37ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-03-01127144010.3390/plants12071440Assessment of Shoot Priming Efficiency to Counteract Complex Metal Stress in Halotolerant <i>Lobularia maritima</i>Alina Wiszniewska0Wojciech Makowski1Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Cracow, PolandThe study investigated whether short-term priming supports plant defense against complex metal stress and multiple stress (metals and salinity) in halophyte <i>Lobularia maritima</i> (L.) Desv. Plants were pre-treated with ectoine (Ect), nitric oxide donor—sodium nitroprusside (SNP), or hydrogen sulfide donor—GYY4137 for 7 days, and were transferred onto medium containing a mixture of metal ions: Zn, Pb, and Cd. To test the effect of priming agents in multiple stress conditions, shoots were also subjected to low salinity (20 mM NaCl), applied alone, or combined with metals. Hydropriming was a control priming treatment. Stress impact was evaluated on a basis of growth parameters, whereas defense responses were on a basis of the detoxification activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST), radical scavenging activity, and accumulation of thiols and phenolic compounds. Exposure to metals reduced shoot biomass and height but had no impact on the formation of new shoots. Priming with nitric oxide annihilated the toxic effects of metals. It was related to a sharp increase in GST activity, glutathione accumulation, and boosted radical scavenging activity. In NO-treated shoots level of total phenolic compounds (TPC) and flavonoids remained unaffected, in contrast to other metal-treated shoots. Under combined metal stress and salinity, NO and H<sub>2</sub>S were capable of restoring or improving growth parameters, as they stimulated radical scavenging activity. Ect and H<sub>2</sub>S did not exert any effect on metal-treated shoots in comparison to hydropriming. The results revealed the stimulatory role of nitric oxide and low doses of NaCl in combating the toxic effects of complex metal stress in <i>L. maritima</i>. Both NO and NaCl interfered with thiol metabolism and antioxidant activity, whereas NaCl also contributed to the accumulation of phenolic compounds.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/7/1440ectoinehalophytehydrogen sulfidemulti-metal stressnitric oxidepriming |
| spellingShingle | Alina Wiszniewska Wojciech Makowski Assessment of Shoot Priming Efficiency to Counteract Complex Metal Stress in Halotolerant <i>Lobularia maritima</i> Plants ectoine halophyte hydrogen sulfide multi-metal stress nitric oxide priming |
| title | Assessment of Shoot Priming Efficiency to Counteract Complex Metal Stress in Halotolerant <i>Lobularia maritima</i> |
| title_full | Assessment of Shoot Priming Efficiency to Counteract Complex Metal Stress in Halotolerant <i>Lobularia maritima</i> |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Shoot Priming Efficiency to Counteract Complex Metal Stress in Halotolerant <i>Lobularia maritima</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Shoot Priming Efficiency to Counteract Complex Metal Stress in Halotolerant <i>Lobularia maritima</i> |
| title_short | Assessment of Shoot Priming Efficiency to Counteract Complex Metal Stress in Halotolerant <i>Lobularia maritima</i> |
| title_sort | assessment of shoot priming efficiency to counteract complex metal stress in halotolerant i lobularia maritima i |
| topic | ectoine halophyte hydrogen sulfide multi-metal stress nitric oxide priming |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/7/1440 |
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