The Role of the Host Ubiquitin System in Promoting Replication of Emergent Viruses
Ubiquitination of proteins is a post-translational modification process with many different cellular functions, including protein stability, immune signaling, antiviral functions and virus replication. While ubiquitination of viral proteins can be used by the host as a defense mechanism by destroyin...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/3/369 |
| _version_ | 1797395158207037440 |
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| author | Karl M. Valerdi Adam Hage Sarah van Tol Ricardo Rajsbaum Maria I. Giraldo |
| author_facet | Karl M. Valerdi Adam Hage Sarah van Tol Ricardo Rajsbaum Maria I. Giraldo |
| author_sort | Karl M. Valerdi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ubiquitination of proteins is a post-translational modification process with many different cellular functions, including protein stability, immune signaling, antiviral functions and virus replication. While ubiquitination of viral proteins can be used by the host as a defense mechanism by destroying the incoming pathogen, viruses have adapted to take advantage of this cellular process. The ubiquitin system can be hijacked by viruses to enhance various steps of the replication cycle and increase pathogenesis. Emerging viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), flaviviruses like Zika and dengue, as well as highly pathogenic viruses like Ebola and Nipah, have the ability to directly use the ubiquitination process to enhance their viral-replication cycle, and evade immune responses. Some of these mechanisms are conserved among different virus families, especially early during virus entry, providing an opportunity to develop broad-spectrum antivirals. Here, we discuss the mechanisms used by emergent viruses to exploit the host ubiquitin system, with the main focus on the role of ubiquitin in enhancing virus replication. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:30:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-57e76e43589649a7b54df8425ddb9059 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:30:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-57e76e43589649a7b54df8425ddb90592023-12-11T18:32:50ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-02-0113336910.3390/v13030369The Role of the Host Ubiquitin System in Promoting Replication of Emergent VirusesKarl M. Valerdi0Adam Hage1Sarah van Tol2Ricardo Rajsbaum3Maria I. Giraldo4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USAUbiquitination of proteins is a post-translational modification process with many different cellular functions, including protein stability, immune signaling, antiviral functions and virus replication. While ubiquitination of viral proteins can be used by the host as a defense mechanism by destroying the incoming pathogen, viruses have adapted to take advantage of this cellular process. The ubiquitin system can be hijacked by viruses to enhance various steps of the replication cycle and increase pathogenesis. Emerging viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), flaviviruses like Zika and dengue, as well as highly pathogenic viruses like Ebola and Nipah, have the ability to directly use the ubiquitination process to enhance their viral-replication cycle, and evade immune responses. Some of these mechanisms are conserved among different virus families, especially early during virus entry, providing an opportunity to develop broad-spectrum antivirals. Here, we discuss the mechanisms used by emergent viruses to exploit the host ubiquitin system, with the main focus on the role of ubiquitin in enhancing virus replication.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/3/369ubiquitin systememergent virusespro-viral functionantagonism of immune responseSARS-CoV-2Ebola |
| spellingShingle | Karl M. Valerdi Adam Hage Sarah van Tol Ricardo Rajsbaum Maria I. Giraldo The Role of the Host Ubiquitin System in Promoting Replication of Emergent Viruses Viruses ubiquitin system emergent viruses pro-viral function antagonism of immune response SARS-CoV-2 Ebola |
| title | The Role of the Host Ubiquitin System in Promoting Replication of Emergent Viruses |
| title_full | The Role of the Host Ubiquitin System in Promoting Replication of Emergent Viruses |
| title_fullStr | The Role of the Host Ubiquitin System in Promoting Replication of Emergent Viruses |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of the Host Ubiquitin System in Promoting Replication of Emergent Viruses |
| title_short | The Role of the Host Ubiquitin System in Promoting Replication of Emergent Viruses |
| title_sort | role of the host ubiquitin system in promoting replication of emergent viruses |
| topic | ubiquitin system emergent viruses pro-viral function antagonism of immune response SARS-CoV-2 Ebola |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/3/369 |
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