Potential of Decentral Nature-Based Solutions for Mitigation of Pluvial Floods in Urban Areas—A Simulation Study Based on 1D/2D Coupled Modeling
Urban drainage systems are generally designed to handle rainfall events only up to a certain intensity or volume. With climate change, extreme events that exceed the design storms and consequently result in flooding are occurring more frequently. Nature-based solutions (NBSs) have the potential to r...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/6/811 |
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| author | Jonas Neumann Christian Scheid Ulrich Dittmer |
| author_facet | Jonas Neumann Christian Scheid Ulrich Dittmer |
| author_sort | Jonas Neumann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Urban drainage systems are generally designed to handle rainfall events only up to a certain intensity or volume. With climate change, extreme events that exceed the design storms and consequently result in flooding are occurring more frequently. Nature-based solutions (NBSs) have the potential to reduce the pressure on urban drainage systems and to increase their resilience. This study presents an approach to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of NBSs for flood mitigation using a coupled 1D/2D model of surface and sewer flow. The study analyzes the effect of infiltration systems (dimensioned to return periods of T = 5 and 100 years), various green roofs, and tree pits considering the different degrees of implementation. The NBSs are represented as LID elements according to SWMM. As expected, the mitigation effect of NBSs declines with increasing rainfall intensities. However, infiltration systems dimensioned to T = 100 years achieve almost three times the flood reduction compared to systems dimensioned to T = 5 years, even during extremely heavy rainfall events (100 mm), resulting in a reduced total flood volume of 15.1% to 25.8%. Overall, green roofs (excluding extensive green roofs) provide the most significant flood reduction (33.5%), while tree locations have the least effect. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:44:59Z |
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| id | doaj.art-57f13240ecfb41fe979d5569308f7d8b |
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| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:44:59Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-57f13240ecfb41fe979d5569308f7d8b2024-03-27T14:08:12ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412024-03-0116681110.3390/w16060811Potential of Decentral Nature-Based Solutions for Mitigation of Pluvial Floods in Urban Areas—A Simulation Study Based on 1D/2D Coupled ModelingJonas Neumann0Christian Scheid1Ulrich Dittmer2Department of Urban Water Management, Institute Water Infrastructure Ressources, University Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 14, 67663 Kaiserslautern, GermanyDepartment of Urban Water Management, Institute Water Infrastructure Ressources, University Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 14, 67663 Kaiserslautern, GermanyDepartment of Urban Water Management, Institute Water Infrastructure Ressources, University Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 14, 67663 Kaiserslautern, GermanyUrban drainage systems are generally designed to handle rainfall events only up to a certain intensity or volume. With climate change, extreme events that exceed the design storms and consequently result in flooding are occurring more frequently. Nature-based solutions (NBSs) have the potential to reduce the pressure on urban drainage systems and to increase their resilience. This study presents an approach to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of NBSs for flood mitigation using a coupled 1D/2D model of surface and sewer flow. The study analyzes the effect of infiltration systems (dimensioned to return periods of T = 5 and 100 years), various green roofs, and tree pits considering the different degrees of implementation. The NBSs are represented as LID elements according to SWMM. As expected, the mitigation effect of NBSs declines with increasing rainfall intensities. However, infiltration systems dimensioned to T = 100 years achieve almost three times the flood reduction compared to systems dimensioned to T = 5 years, even during extremely heavy rainfall events (100 mm), resulting in a reduced total flood volume of 15.1% to 25.8%. Overall, green roofs (excluding extensive green roofs) provide the most significant flood reduction (33.5%), while tree locations have the least effect.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/6/811NBSSWMM LID1D/2D flood modelingflood mitigationinfiltration systemsswales |
| spellingShingle | Jonas Neumann Christian Scheid Ulrich Dittmer Potential of Decentral Nature-Based Solutions for Mitigation of Pluvial Floods in Urban Areas—A Simulation Study Based on 1D/2D Coupled Modeling Water NBS SWMM LID 1D/2D flood modeling flood mitigation infiltration systems swales |
| title | Potential of Decentral Nature-Based Solutions for Mitigation of Pluvial Floods in Urban Areas—A Simulation Study Based on 1D/2D Coupled Modeling |
| title_full | Potential of Decentral Nature-Based Solutions for Mitigation of Pluvial Floods in Urban Areas—A Simulation Study Based on 1D/2D Coupled Modeling |
| title_fullStr | Potential of Decentral Nature-Based Solutions for Mitigation of Pluvial Floods in Urban Areas—A Simulation Study Based on 1D/2D Coupled Modeling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potential of Decentral Nature-Based Solutions for Mitigation of Pluvial Floods in Urban Areas—A Simulation Study Based on 1D/2D Coupled Modeling |
| title_short | Potential of Decentral Nature-Based Solutions for Mitigation of Pluvial Floods in Urban Areas—A Simulation Study Based on 1D/2D Coupled Modeling |
| title_sort | potential of decentral nature based solutions for mitigation of pluvial floods in urban areas a simulation study based on 1d 2d coupled modeling |
| topic | NBS SWMM LID 1D/2D flood modeling flood mitigation infiltration systems swales |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/6/811 |
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