Utilisation of Oil Palm’s Empty Fruit Bunch Spikelets for Oil-Spill Removal
Agricultural sorbents have received attention for their effectiveness in oil removal. In Malaysia, oil palm’s empty fruit bunch (EFB) spikelets are an abundant agricultural waste that provides a non-toxic, renewable resource of cellulosic materials. In this study, the effectiveness of EFB spikelets...
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| Materyal Türü: | Makale |
| Dil: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Seri Bilgileri: | Agronomy |
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| Online Erişim: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/2/535 |
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| author | Nurul Aini Puasa Siti Aqlima Ahmad Nur Nadhirah Zakaria Noor Azmi Shaharuddin Khalilah Abdul Khalil Alyza Azzura Azmi Claudio Gomez-Fuentes Faradina Merican Azham Zulkharnain Yih-Yih Kok Chiew-Yen Wong |
| author_facet | Nurul Aini Puasa Siti Aqlima Ahmad Nur Nadhirah Zakaria Noor Azmi Shaharuddin Khalilah Abdul Khalil Alyza Azzura Azmi Claudio Gomez-Fuentes Faradina Merican Azham Zulkharnain Yih-Yih Kok Chiew-Yen Wong |
| author_sort | Nurul Aini Puasa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Agricultural sorbents have received attention for their effectiveness in oil removal. In Malaysia, oil palm’s empty fruit bunch (EFB) spikelets are an abundant agricultural waste that provides a non-toxic, renewable resource of cellulosic materials. In this study, the effectiveness of EFB spikelets to remove oil spills from seawater pollution in a filter system was investigated and the best optimisation approach for filtering conditions was determined. Experiments for oil spill clean-up were performed using a filter-based oil sorption system with a series of conditions such as temperature, time, packing density, and oil concentration to evaluate sorption capacity, oil and water absorbed efficiency. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to characterise the physicochemical properties of untreated and treated EFB fibres. Based on one-factor-at -a-time (OFAT) analysis conducted at 160 °C for 30 min on 0.1 g/cm<sup>3</sup> of packing density containing 25% diesel, 8.667 mL of oil and 5 mL of water was absorbed. In response surface methodology (RSM), the three parameters of temperature, packing density and diesel concentration were observed as significant. From RSM fitting model analysis, the predicted value obtained for both oil and water absorbed were 8.805 and 5.213 mL, respectively. The experimental RSM values of 9 and 5 mL of oil and water absorbed were obtained. The result demonstrated the validity of the model as the experimental RSM values were close to the RSM model’s prediction. As compared to OFAT, the RSM method is more efficient in oil removal. This research contributes to a better knowledge of the usage of a natural sorbent as a method of diesel pollution remediation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:49:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-57f173ed887b48d3a30d9db344b2aa3b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:49:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-57f173ed887b48d3a30d9db344b2aa3b2023-11-23T18:23:41ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-02-0112253510.3390/agronomy12020535Utilisation of Oil Palm’s Empty Fruit Bunch Spikelets for Oil-Spill RemovalNurul Aini Puasa0Siti Aqlima Ahmad1Nur Nadhirah Zakaria2Noor Azmi Shaharuddin3Khalilah Abdul Khalil4Alyza Azzura Azmi5Claudio Gomez-Fuentes6Faradina Merican7Azham Zulkharnain8Yih-Yih Kok9Chiew-Yen Wong10Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaSchool of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, MalaysiaFaculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, MalaysiaCenter for Research and Antarctic Environmental Monitoring (CIMAA), Universidad de Magallanes, Avda. Bulnes, Punta Arenas 01855, ChileSchool of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaDepartment of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minumaku, Saitama 337-8570, JapanSchool of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaSchool of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaAgricultural sorbents have received attention for their effectiveness in oil removal. In Malaysia, oil palm’s empty fruit bunch (EFB) spikelets are an abundant agricultural waste that provides a non-toxic, renewable resource of cellulosic materials. In this study, the effectiveness of EFB spikelets to remove oil spills from seawater pollution in a filter system was investigated and the best optimisation approach for filtering conditions was determined. Experiments for oil spill clean-up were performed using a filter-based oil sorption system with a series of conditions such as temperature, time, packing density, and oil concentration to evaluate sorption capacity, oil and water absorbed efficiency. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to characterise the physicochemical properties of untreated and treated EFB fibres. Based on one-factor-at -a-time (OFAT) analysis conducted at 160 °C for 30 min on 0.1 g/cm<sup>3</sup> of packing density containing 25% diesel, 8.667 mL of oil and 5 mL of water was absorbed. In response surface methodology (RSM), the three parameters of temperature, packing density and diesel concentration were observed as significant. From RSM fitting model analysis, the predicted value obtained for both oil and water absorbed were 8.805 and 5.213 mL, respectively. The experimental RSM values of 9 and 5 mL of oil and water absorbed were obtained. The result demonstrated the validity of the model as the experimental RSM values were close to the RSM model’s prediction. As compared to OFAT, the RSM method is more efficient in oil removal. This research contributes to a better knowledge of the usage of a natural sorbent as a method of diesel pollution remediation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/2/535agriculture wasteoil spillsspikeletsabsorbedtreated |
| spellingShingle | Nurul Aini Puasa Siti Aqlima Ahmad Nur Nadhirah Zakaria Noor Azmi Shaharuddin Khalilah Abdul Khalil Alyza Azzura Azmi Claudio Gomez-Fuentes Faradina Merican Azham Zulkharnain Yih-Yih Kok Chiew-Yen Wong Utilisation of Oil Palm’s Empty Fruit Bunch Spikelets for Oil-Spill Removal Agronomy agriculture waste oil spills spikelets absorbed treated |
| title | Utilisation of Oil Palm’s Empty Fruit Bunch Spikelets for Oil-Spill Removal |
| title_full | Utilisation of Oil Palm’s Empty Fruit Bunch Spikelets for Oil-Spill Removal |
| title_fullStr | Utilisation of Oil Palm’s Empty Fruit Bunch Spikelets for Oil-Spill Removal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Utilisation of Oil Palm’s Empty Fruit Bunch Spikelets for Oil-Spill Removal |
| title_short | Utilisation of Oil Palm’s Empty Fruit Bunch Spikelets for Oil-Spill Removal |
| title_sort | utilisation of oil palm s empty fruit bunch spikelets for oil spill removal |
| topic | agriculture waste oil spills spikelets absorbed treated |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/2/535 |
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