The joining of CP-vanadium and Ti–6Al–4V using the Electron Beam Melting Additive Manufacturing method
The use of electron beam welding for dissimilar welding (DW) of commercially pure (CP) vanadium to Ti–6Al–4V has been investigated via ARCAM S12, an additive manufacturing powder-bed system. Investigations of bead-on-plate welds for Ti–6Al–4V were first conducted to identify the process parameters f...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Advances in Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666912922000290 |
| _version_ | 1797989890785280000 |
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| author | Affaan Uthman Moosa Everth Hernández-Nava Mohanad Kadhim Mejbel Iain Todd |
| author_facet | Affaan Uthman Moosa Everth Hernández-Nava Mohanad Kadhim Mejbel Iain Todd |
| author_sort | Affaan Uthman Moosa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of electron beam welding for dissimilar welding (DW) of commercially pure (CP) vanadium to Ti–6Al–4V has been investigated via ARCAM S12, an additive manufacturing powder-bed system. Investigations of bead-on-plate welds for Ti–6Al–4V were first conducted to identify the process parameters for full penetration welds with a minimum energy input of 37 mA at a traverse speed of 7 mm/s. Vanadium bead on plate welds produced a penetration of approximately 75%, which was enough to proceed onto DW experiments. Defect-free full penetration welds were produced. The DW weld zone microstructure revealed an elongated dendritic structure comprised of bulky βTi grains and a fine substructure of α' laths. Thermal imaging (TI) showed an increment in radiance temperature ahead of the melt pool, indicating that there is a minimum energy required before keyhole welding is present, confirming mathematical calculations. Mechanical characterisation finds a fair range of hardness across both base metals (BM), heat affected zones (HAZ) and fusion zones (FZ). With no yield plateau in tensile test curves, the material is confirmed to fail on the side with lower mechanical properties, i.e., vanadium, which draws a fair process window for dissimilar welding between Ti6Al4V and vanadium alloys. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T08:27:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-57f5d62950bc45538a63c72bea970269 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-9129 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T08:27:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advances in Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-57f5d62950bc45538a63c72bea9702692022-12-22T04:34:41ZengElsevierAdvances in Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering2666-91292022-11-015100102The joining of CP-vanadium and Ti–6Al–4V using the Electron Beam Melting Additive Manufacturing methodAffaan Uthman Moosa0Everth Hernández-Nava1Mohanad Kadhim Mejbel2Iain Todd3Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Portobello St, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; Middle Technical University, Technical Engineering College-Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Portobello St, Sheffield S1 3JD, UKMiddle Technical University, Technical Engineering College-Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq; Corresponding author.Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Portobello St, Sheffield S1 3JD, UKThe use of electron beam welding for dissimilar welding (DW) of commercially pure (CP) vanadium to Ti–6Al–4V has been investigated via ARCAM S12, an additive manufacturing powder-bed system. Investigations of bead-on-plate welds for Ti–6Al–4V were first conducted to identify the process parameters for full penetration welds with a minimum energy input of 37 mA at a traverse speed of 7 mm/s. Vanadium bead on plate welds produced a penetration of approximately 75%, which was enough to proceed onto DW experiments. Defect-free full penetration welds were produced. The DW weld zone microstructure revealed an elongated dendritic structure comprised of bulky βTi grains and a fine substructure of α' laths. Thermal imaging (TI) showed an increment in radiance temperature ahead of the melt pool, indicating that there is a minimum energy required before keyhole welding is present, confirming mathematical calculations. Mechanical characterisation finds a fair range of hardness across both base metals (BM), heat affected zones (HAZ) and fusion zones (FZ). With no yield plateau in tensile test curves, the material is confirmed to fail on the side with lower mechanical properties, i.e., vanadium, which draws a fair process window for dissimilar welding between Ti6Al4V and vanadium alloys.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666912922000290Dissimilar weldingElectron beam weldingTitaniumVanadiumThermal imagingMicrostructure |
| spellingShingle | Affaan Uthman Moosa Everth Hernández-Nava Mohanad Kadhim Mejbel Iain Todd The joining of CP-vanadium and Ti–6Al–4V using the Electron Beam Melting Additive Manufacturing method Advances in Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Dissimilar welding Electron beam welding Titanium Vanadium Thermal imaging Microstructure |
| title | The joining of CP-vanadium and Ti–6Al–4V using the Electron Beam Melting Additive Manufacturing method |
| title_full | The joining of CP-vanadium and Ti–6Al–4V using the Electron Beam Melting Additive Manufacturing method |
| title_fullStr | The joining of CP-vanadium and Ti–6Al–4V using the Electron Beam Melting Additive Manufacturing method |
| title_full_unstemmed | The joining of CP-vanadium and Ti–6Al–4V using the Electron Beam Melting Additive Manufacturing method |
| title_short | The joining of CP-vanadium and Ti–6Al–4V using the Electron Beam Melting Additive Manufacturing method |
| title_sort | joining of cp vanadium and ti 6al 4v using the electron beam melting additive manufacturing method |
| topic | Dissimilar welding Electron beam welding Titanium Vanadium Thermal imaging Microstructure |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666912922000290 |
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