Possible Reactions of Dietary Phenolic Compounds with Salivary Nitrite and Thiocyanate in the Stomach
Foods are mixed with saliva in the oral cavity and swallowed. While staying in the stomach, saliva is contentiously provided to mix with the ingested foods. Because a salivary component of nitrite is protonated to produce active nitrous acid at acidic pH, the redox reactions of nitrous acid with phe...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2017-07-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/6/3/53 |
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| author | Umeo Takahama Sachiko Hirota |
| author_facet | Umeo Takahama Sachiko Hirota |
| author_sort | Umeo Takahama |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Foods are mixed with saliva in the oral cavity and swallowed. While staying in the stomach, saliva is contentiously provided to mix with the ingested foods. Because a salivary component of nitrite is protonated to produce active nitrous acid at acidic pH, the redox reactions of nitrous acid with phenolic compounds in foods become possible in the stomach. In the reactions, nitrous acid is reduced to nitric oxide (•NO), producing various products from phenolic compounds. In the products, stable hydroxybezoyl benzofuranone derivatives, which are produced from quercetin and its 7-O-glucoside, are included. Caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and rutin are oxidized to quinones and the quinones can react with thiocyanic acid derived from saliva, producing stable oxathiolone derivatives. 6,8-Dinitrosocatechis are produced from catechins by the redox reaction, and the dinitrocatechins are oxidized further by nitrous acid producing the quinones, which can make charge transfer complexes with the dinitrosocatechin and can react with thiocyanic acid producing the stable thiocyanate conjugates. In this way, various products can be produced by the reactions of salivary nitrite with dietary phenolic compounds, and reactive and toxic quinones formed by the reactions are postulated to be removed in the stomach by thiocyanic acid derived from saliva. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T19:41:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-57f6adddccbb4321bbb1510b824d6e73 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T19:41:18Z |
| publishDate | 2017-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-57f6adddccbb4321bbb1510b824d6e732023-08-02T03:48:35ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212017-07-01635310.3390/antiox6030053antiox6030053Possible Reactions of Dietary Phenolic Compounds with Salivary Nitrite and Thiocyanate in the StomachUmeo Takahama0Sachiko Hirota1Department of Health and Nutrition Care, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of East Asia, Shimonoseki 751-8503, JapanDepartment of Health and Nutrition Care, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of East Asia, Shimonoseki 751-8503, JapanFoods are mixed with saliva in the oral cavity and swallowed. While staying in the stomach, saliva is contentiously provided to mix with the ingested foods. Because a salivary component of nitrite is protonated to produce active nitrous acid at acidic pH, the redox reactions of nitrous acid with phenolic compounds in foods become possible in the stomach. In the reactions, nitrous acid is reduced to nitric oxide (•NO), producing various products from phenolic compounds. In the products, stable hydroxybezoyl benzofuranone derivatives, which are produced from quercetin and its 7-O-glucoside, are included. Caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and rutin are oxidized to quinones and the quinones can react with thiocyanic acid derived from saliva, producing stable oxathiolone derivatives. 6,8-Dinitrosocatechis are produced from catechins by the redox reaction, and the dinitrocatechins are oxidized further by nitrous acid producing the quinones, which can make charge transfer complexes with the dinitrosocatechin and can react with thiocyanic acid producing the stable thiocyanate conjugates. In this way, various products can be produced by the reactions of salivary nitrite with dietary phenolic compounds, and reactive and toxic quinones formed by the reactions are postulated to be removed in the stomach by thiocyanic acid derived from saliva.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/6/3/53flavonoidsnitric oxide (•NO)nitrosationnitrous acidquinonesredox reactionsstomachthiocyanic acid |
| spellingShingle | Umeo Takahama Sachiko Hirota Possible Reactions of Dietary Phenolic Compounds with Salivary Nitrite and Thiocyanate in the Stomach Antioxidants flavonoids nitric oxide (•NO) nitrosation nitrous acid quinones redox reactions stomach thiocyanic acid |
| title | Possible Reactions of Dietary Phenolic Compounds with Salivary Nitrite and Thiocyanate in the Stomach |
| title_full | Possible Reactions of Dietary Phenolic Compounds with Salivary Nitrite and Thiocyanate in the Stomach |
| title_fullStr | Possible Reactions of Dietary Phenolic Compounds with Salivary Nitrite and Thiocyanate in the Stomach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Possible Reactions of Dietary Phenolic Compounds with Salivary Nitrite and Thiocyanate in the Stomach |
| title_short | Possible Reactions of Dietary Phenolic Compounds with Salivary Nitrite and Thiocyanate in the Stomach |
| title_sort | possible reactions of dietary phenolic compounds with salivary nitrite and thiocyanate in the stomach |
| topic | flavonoids nitric oxide (•NO) nitrosation nitrous acid quinones redox reactions stomach thiocyanic acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/6/3/53 |
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