Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of functional aquafeeds biofortified with whole Laminaria digitata in juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)
The increasing demand for healthy aquatic products has contributed to the rapid growth of aquaculture. Despite the many progresses, over the years, in aquaculture production, animal welfare and reduction of the stress induced by captivity remain a challenge in this sector, and overcoming it is funda...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1325244/full |
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| author | Isa Marmelo Isa Marmelo Isa Marmelo Marta Dias Marta Dias Ana Grade Pedro Pousão-Ferreira Mário Sousa Diniz Mário Sousa Diniz António Marques António Marques Ana Luísa Maulvault Ana Luísa Maulvault Ana Luísa Maulvault |
| author_facet | Isa Marmelo Isa Marmelo Isa Marmelo Marta Dias Marta Dias Ana Grade Pedro Pousão-Ferreira Mário Sousa Diniz Mário Sousa Diniz António Marques António Marques Ana Luísa Maulvault Ana Luísa Maulvault Ana Luísa Maulvault |
| author_sort | Isa Marmelo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The increasing demand for healthy aquatic products has contributed to the rapid growth of aquaculture. Despite the many progresses, over the years, in aquaculture production, animal welfare and reduction of the stress induced by captivity remain a challenge in this sector, and overcoming it is fundamental to improve animal growth performance and resilience to environmental threats (e.g., disease outbreaks and/or climate change impacts). To address this challenge, aquafeeds biofortified with natural ingredients with functional properties, such as macroalgae, have emerged as a promising strategy to enhance fish immunity. The present study aimed at evaluating the potential of Laminaria digitata to improve juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) physiological status and resilience, through the modulation of immunomodulatory and antioxidant responses. To explore this hypothesis, four independent treatments were carried out in which fish were fed with different experimental aquafeeds: control feed and biofortified feeds with 1.5%, 3% and 6% of whole L. digitata (incorporated as a dried and powdered ingredient). Fish (n=9) were collected from each treatment upon 30 and 60 days of biofortification in order to assess animal growth and condition indexes, haematological parameters, innate humoral parameters (antiprotease (AP) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity and immunoglobulin M (IgM)) and oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase (CAT) activity, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)). Significant differences (α = 0.05) between treatments in biomarker responses were tested through a nested-design ANOVA, followed by Tukey HSD multiple comparisons. Pearson correlations between the different endpoints were also explored. Results indicate that a dietary inclusion of 1.5% L. digitata is the most effective biofortification dose, significantly improving antioxidant responses of S. aurata, by increasing levels of CAT, GST and T-AOC, along with the reduction in LPO levels. Additionally, the inclusion of 1.5% L. digitata enhances immunity by increasing the levels of IgM and POD, while maintaining the growth performance and condition indices of the fish. These findings underscore the potential utilization of L. digitata as a functional feed ingredient in aquaculture with relevant immune and antioxidant attributes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:41:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-57f838d459ad449f8582938e7df1dad9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:41:40Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-57f838d459ad449f8582938e7df1dad92024-01-30T04:17:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452024-01-011110.3389/fmars.2024.13252441325244Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of functional aquafeeds biofortified with whole Laminaria digitata in juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)Isa Marmelo0Isa Marmelo1Isa Marmelo2Marta Dias3Marta Dias4Ana Grade5Pedro Pousão-Ferreira6Mário Sousa Diniz7Mário Sousa Diniz8António Marques9António Marques10Ana Luísa Maulvault11Ana Luísa Maulvault12Ana Luísa Maulvault13IPMA-DivAv - Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture Upgrading and Bioprospection, Algés, PortugalCIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, PortugalUCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, PortugalUCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, PortugalMARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Center & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, PortugalIPMA-DivAv - Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture Upgrading and Bioprospection, Algés, PortugalIPMA-EPPO - Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Aquaculture Research Station, Olhão, PortugalUCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, PortugalAssociate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, PortugalIPMA-DivAv - Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture Upgrading and Bioprospection, Algés, PortugalCIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, PortugalIPMA-DivAv - Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture Upgrading and Bioprospection, Algés, PortugalUCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, PortugalAssociate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, PortugalThe increasing demand for healthy aquatic products has contributed to the rapid growth of aquaculture. Despite the many progresses, over the years, in aquaculture production, animal welfare and reduction of the stress induced by captivity remain a challenge in this sector, and overcoming it is fundamental to improve animal growth performance and resilience to environmental threats (e.g., disease outbreaks and/or climate change impacts). To address this challenge, aquafeeds biofortified with natural ingredients with functional properties, such as macroalgae, have emerged as a promising strategy to enhance fish immunity. The present study aimed at evaluating the potential of Laminaria digitata to improve juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) physiological status and resilience, through the modulation of immunomodulatory and antioxidant responses. To explore this hypothesis, four independent treatments were carried out in which fish were fed with different experimental aquafeeds: control feed and biofortified feeds with 1.5%, 3% and 6% of whole L. digitata (incorporated as a dried and powdered ingredient). Fish (n=9) were collected from each treatment upon 30 and 60 days of biofortification in order to assess animal growth and condition indexes, haematological parameters, innate humoral parameters (antiprotease (AP) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity and immunoglobulin M (IgM)) and oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase (CAT) activity, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)). Significant differences (α = 0.05) between treatments in biomarker responses were tested through a nested-design ANOVA, followed by Tukey HSD multiple comparisons. Pearson correlations between the different endpoints were also explored. Results indicate that a dietary inclusion of 1.5% L. digitata is the most effective biofortification dose, significantly improving antioxidant responses of S. aurata, by increasing levels of CAT, GST and T-AOC, along with the reduction in LPO levels. Additionally, the inclusion of 1.5% L. digitata enhances immunity by increasing the levels of IgM and POD, while maintaining the growth performance and condition indices of the fish. These findings underscore the potential utilization of L. digitata as a functional feed ingredient in aquaculture with relevant immune and antioxidant attributes.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1325244/fullaquaculturefunctional feedsseaweedsanimal welfareimmune responsesantioxidant responses |
| spellingShingle | Isa Marmelo Isa Marmelo Isa Marmelo Marta Dias Marta Dias Ana Grade Pedro Pousão-Ferreira Mário Sousa Diniz Mário Sousa Diniz António Marques António Marques Ana Luísa Maulvault Ana Luísa Maulvault Ana Luísa Maulvault Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of functional aquafeeds biofortified with whole Laminaria digitata in juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) Frontiers in Marine Science aquaculture functional feeds seaweeds animal welfare immune responses antioxidant responses |
| title | Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of functional aquafeeds biofortified with whole Laminaria digitata in juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) |
| title_full | Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of functional aquafeeds biofortified with whole Laminaria digitata in juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) |
| title_fullStr | Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of functional aquafeeds biofortified with whole Laminaria digitata in juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of functional aquafeeds biofortified with whole Laminaria digitata in juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) |
| title_short | Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of functional aquafeeds biofortified with whole Laminaria digitata in juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) |
| title_sort | immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of functional aquafeeds biofortified with whole laminaria digitata in juvenile gilthead seabream sparus aurata |
| topic | aquaculture functional feeds seaweeds animal welfare immune responses antioxidant responses |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1325244/full |
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