The Cardiac Effects of Performance-Enhancing Medications: Caffeine vs. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids

The Cardiac Effects of Performance-Enhancing Medications: Caffeine vs. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids

Several performance-enhancing or ergogenic drugs have been linked to both significant adverse cardiovascular effects and increased cardiovascular risk. Even with increased scrutiny on the governance of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) in professional sport and heightened awareness of the associate...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Sanjay Sivalokanathan, Łukasz A. Małek, Aneil Malhotra
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2021-02-01
Series:	Diagnostics
Subjects:	sports cardiology athlete caffeine anabolic androgenic steroids heart disease cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/2/324

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