The Usefulness of the Ratio of Antigen–Autoantibody Immune Complexes to Their Free Antigens in the Diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Autoantibodies against specific lung cancer-associated antigens have been suggested for the performance of lung cancer diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the antigen–autoantibody immune complex (AIC) against its free antigens for CYFRA21-1, ProGRP, neutrophil gelat...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/18/2999 |
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| author | Heyjin Kim Jin Kyung Lee Ae-Chin Oh Hye-Ryoun Kim Young Jun Hong |
| author_facet | Heyjin Kim Jin Kyung Lee Ae-Chin Oh Hye-Ryoun Kim Young Jun Hong |
| author_sort | Heyjin Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Autoantibodies against specific lung cancer-associated antigens have been suggested for the performance of lung cancer diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the antigen–autoantibody immune complex (AIC) against its free antigens for CYFRA21-1, ProGRP, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In total, 85 patients with NSCLC and 120 healthy controls (HCs) were examined using a 9-guanine DNA chip method. The ratios of AICs to their antigens and the combinations of ratios consisting of two to four markers were calculated. The levels of AICs for CYFRA21-1, ProGRP, NGAL, and NSE were higher than those for their free antigens in all participants. The levels of each free antigens distinguished patients with NSCLC from the HCs. The ratios of the AIC to its antigen and seven combinations of two to four ratios were significantly higher in patients with NSCLC than in the HCs. Excellent diagnostic performance was observed for all combination ratios (C4-1), with 85.9% sensitivity and 86.7% specificity at a 3.51 cut-off. Higher sensitivity was observed in the early stages (0–I) and adenocarcinoma than in stages II–IV and other pathological types. Combining all ratios of AICs and their antigens for all four markers was useful when diagnosing NSCLC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:52:04Z |
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| id | doaj.art-58009f28ef5f4305800a3ccc59956168 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:52:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-58009f28ef5f4305800a3ccc599561682023-11-19T10:14:30ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182023-09-011318299910.3390/diagnostics13182999The Usefulness of the Ratio of Antigen–Autoantibody Immune Complexes to Their Free Antigens in the Diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Lung CancerHeyjin Kim0Jin Kyung Lee1Ae-Chin Oh2Hye-Ryoun Kim3Young Jun Hong4Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of KoreaDivision of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of KoreaAutoantibodies against specific lung cancer-associated antigens have been suggested for the performance of lung cancer diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the antigen–autoantibody immune complex (AIC) against its free antigens for CYFRA21-1, ProGRP, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In total, 85 patients with NSCLC and 120 healthy controls (HCs) were examined using a 9-guanine DNA chip method. The ratios of AICs to their antigens and the combinations of ratios consisting of two to four markers were calculated. The levels of AICs for CYFRA21-1, ProGRP, NGAL, and NSE were higher than those for their free antigens in all participants. The levels of each free antigens distinguished patients with NSCLC from the HCs. The ratios of the AIC to its antigen and seven combinations of two to four ratios were significantly higher in patients with NSCLC than in the HCs. Excellent diagnostic performance was observed for all combination ratios (C4-1), with 85.9% sensitivity and 86.7% specificity at a 3.51 cut-off. Higher sensitivity was observed in the early stages (0–I) and adenocarcinoma than in stages II–IV and other pathological types. Combining all ratios of AICs and their antigens for all four markers was useful when diagnosing NSCLC.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/18/2999lung cancernon-small cell lung cancerautoantibodybiomarkerCYFRA21-1ProGRP |
| spellingShingle | Heyjin Kim Jin Kyung Lee Ae-Chin Oh Hye-Ryoun Kim Young Jun Hong The Usefulness of the Ratio of Antigen–Autoantibody Immune Complexes to Their Free Antigens in the Diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Diagnostics lung cancer non-small cell lung cancer autoantibody biomarker CYFRA21-1 ProGRP |
| title | The Usefulness of the Ratio of Antigen–Autoantibody Immune Complexes to Their Free Antigens in the Diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer |
| title_full | The Usefulness of the Ratio of Antigen–Autoantibody Immune Complexes to Their Free Antigens in the Diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer |
| title_fullStr | The Usefulness of the Ratio of Antigen–Autoantibody Immune Complexes to Their Free Antigens in the Diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Usefulness of the Ratio of Antigen–Autoantibody Immune Complexes to Their Free Antigens in the Diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer |
| title_short | The Usefulness of the Ratio of Antigen–Autoantibody Immune Complexes to Their Free Antigens in the Diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer |
| title_sort | usefulness of the ratio of antigen autoantibody immune complexes to their free antigens in the diagnosis of non small cell lung cancer |
| topic | lung cancer non-small cell lung cancer autoantibody biomarker CYFRA21-1 ProGRP |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/18/2999 |
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