Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms of Macrophage Polarisation and Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance
Inflammation plays a key role in the development and progression of type-2 diabetes (T2D), a disease characterised by peripheral insulin resistance and systemic glucolipotoxicity. Visceral adipose tissue (AT) is the main source of inflammation early in the disease course. Macrophages are innate immu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/16/5731 |
| _version_ | 1797559093485895680 |
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| author | Lucie Orliaguet Tina Ejlalmanesh Fawaz Alzaid |
| author_facet | Lucie Orliaguet Tina Ejlalmanesh Fawaz Alzaid |
| author_sort | Lucie Orliaguet |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Inflammation plays a key role in the development and progression of type-2 diabetes (T2D), a disease characterised by peripheral insulin resistance and systemic glucolipotoxicity. Visceral adipose tissue (AT) is the main source of inflammation early in the disease course. Macrophages are innate immune cells that populate all peripheral tissues, including AT. Dysregulated AT macrophage (ATM) responses to microenvironmental changes are at the root of aberrant inflammation and development of insulin resistance, locally and systemically. The inflammatory activation of macrophages is regulated at multiple levels: cell surface receptor stimulation, intracellular signalling, transcriptional and metabolic levels. This review will cover the main mechanisms involved in AT inflammation and insulin resistance in T2D. First, we will describe the physiological and pathological changes in AT that lead to inflammation and insulin resistance. We will next focus on the transcriptional and metabolic mechanisms described that lead to the activation of ATMs. We will discuss more novel metabolic mechanisms that influence macrophage polarisation in other disease or tissue contexts that may be relevant to future work in insulin resistance and T2D. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:40:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-58093ceb09654da48251d2ae6048b53e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:40:44Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-58093ceb09654da48251d2ae6048b53e2023-11-20T09:41:37ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-08-012116573110.3390/ijms21165731Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms of Macrophage Polarisation and Adipose Tissue Insulin ResistanceLucie Orliaguet0Tina Ejlalmanesh1Fawaz Alzaid2Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, FranceCordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, FranceCordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, FranceInflammation plays a key role in the development and progression of type-2 diabetes (T2D), a disease characterised by peripheral insulin resistance and systemic glucolipotoxicity. Visceral adipose tissue (AT) is the main source of inflammation early in the disease course. Macrophages are innate immune cells that populate all peripheral tissues, including AT. Dysregulated AT macrophage (ATM) responses to microenvironmental changes are at the root of aberrant inflammation and development of insulin resistance, locally and systemically. The inflammatory activation of macrophages is regulated at multiple levels: cell surface receptor stimulation, intracellular signalling, transcriptional and metabolic levels. This review will cover the main mechanisms involved in AT inflammation and insulin resistance in T2D. First, we will describe the physiological and pathological changes in AT that lead to inflammation and insulin resistance. We will next focus on the transcriptional and metabolic mechanisms described that lead to the activation of ATMs. We will discuss more novel metabolic mechanisms that influence macrophage polarisation in other disease or tissue contexts that may be relevant to future work in insulin resistance and T2D.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/16/5731adipose tissueinflammationinsulin resistanceimmunometabolismmacrophagestype-2 diabetes |
| spellingShingle | Lucie Orliaguet Tina Ejlalmanesh Fawaz Alzaid Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms of Macrophage Polarisation and Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance International Journal of Molecular Sciences adipose tissue inflammation insulin resistance immunometabolism macrophages type-2 diabetes |
| title | Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms of Macrophage Polarisation and Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance |
| title_full | Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms of Macrophage Polarisation and Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance |
| title_fullStr | Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms of Macrophage Polarisation and Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms of Macrophage Polarisation and Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance |
| title_short | Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms of Macrophage Polarisation and Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance |
| title_sort | metabolic and molecular mechanisms of macrophage polarisation and adipose tissue insulin resistance |
| topic | adipose tissue inflammation insulin resistance immunometabolism macrophages type-2 diabetes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/16/5731 |
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