An assessment of the artificial modelling elements approach to the pressure-driven analysis of water distribution networks
EPANET 2.2 is a newly introduced upgraded version of EPANET 2 that can be used for both pressure-driven analysis (PDA) and demand-driven analysis (DDA) of water distribution networks. Moreover, it has certain limitations concerning the minimum and required pressure head parameters used for PDA, whic...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IWA Publishing
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Water Supply |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://ws.iwaponline.com/content/23/5/1810 |
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| author | P. Sivakumar Nikolai B. Gorev S. Nivedita C. R. Suribabu Rajesh Gupta Tiku T. Tanyimboh |
| author_facet | P. Sivakumar Nikolai B. Gorev S. Nivedita C. R. Suribabu Rajesh Gupta Tiku T. Tanyimboh |
| author_sort | P. Sivakumar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | EPANET 2.2 is a newly introduced upgraded version of EPANET 2 that can be used for both pressure-driven analysis (PDA) and demand-driven analysis (DDA) of water distribution networks. Moreover, it has certain limitations concerning the minimum and required pressure head parameters used for PDA, which leads to inaccurate simulation results. Another limitation of the PDA option of EPANET 2.2 is its inability to simultaneously consider pressure-dependent demands with pressure-independent fire demands. In this article, the reason for the spurious convergence is identified, and it is shown that the spurious convergence of EPANET 2.2 can be addressed by extending the energy balance convergence criterion to include the virtual demand links employed in the EPANET 2.2 formulation of PDA. On the other hand, interest in the methods that use artificial modelling elements in EPANET 2 for PDA is increasing rapidly. The implementation of the method presented in this paper (termed the alternative PDA approach) allows an extended period simulation of large networks with complex demand patterns, multiple tanks, reservoirs, pumps, valves, and thousands of pipes. Two benchmark networks and two real-world networks were analysed by both the alternative PDA approach and EPANET 2.2 and the results were compared.
HIGHLIGHTS
Spurious convergence of EPANET 2.2 is demonstrated and addressed.;
Differences in the characteristic pressures of pressure-dependent demands are accounted for fully.;
Integration of multiple demand types at a node is seamless.;
Advantages of the alternative pressure-dependent analysis method are demonstrated.;
Effectiveness on very large complex real-world systems is demonstrated clearly.; |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T06:46:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-580cfb5829514119a48c017bd6a7ff70 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1606-9749 1607-0798 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T06:46:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water Supply |
| spelling | doaj.art-580cfb5829514119a48c017bd6a7ff702023-06-08T05:45:18ZengIWA PublishingWater Supply1606-97491607-07982023-05-012351810182610.2166/ws.2023.092092An assessment of the artificial modelling elements approach to the pressure-driven analysis of water distribution networksP. Sivakumar0Nikolai B. Gorev1S. Nivedita2C. R. Suribabu3Rajesh Gupta4Tiku T. Tanyimboh5 Department of Civil Engineering, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be Univ.), Nirjuli (Itanagar), Arunachal Pradesh 791109, India Department for Functional Elements of Control Systems, Institute of Technical Mechanics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 15 Leshko-Popel St., Dnipro 49005, Ukraine Department of Civil Engineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625 015, India Centre for Advanced Research in Environment, School of Civil Engineering, SASTRA Deemed Univ., Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India Department of Civil Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharastra 440010, India School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, South Africa EPANET 2.2 is a newly introduced upgraded version of EPANET 2 that can be used for both pressure-driven analysis (PDA) and demand-driven analysis (DDA) of water distribution networks. Moreover, it has certain limitations concerning the minimum and required pressure head parameters used for PDA, which leads to inaccurate simulation results. Another limitation of the PDA option of EPANET 2.2 is its inability to simultaneously consider pressure-dependent demands with pressure-independent fire demands. In this article, the reason for the spurious convergence is identified, and it is shown that the spurious convergence of EPANET 2.2 can be addressed by extending the energy balance convergence criterion to include the virtual demand links employed in the EPANET 2.2 formulation of PDA. On the other hand, interest in the methods that use artificial modelling elements in EPANET 2 for PDA is increasing rapidly. The implementation of the method presented in this paper (termed the alternative PDA approach) allows an extended period simulation of large networks with complex demand patterns, multiple tanks, reservoirs, pumps, valves, and thousands of pipes. Two benchmark networks and two real-world networks were analysed by both the alternative PDA approach and EPANET 2.2 and the results were compared. HIGHLIGHTS Spurious convergence of EPANET 2.2 is demonstrated and addressed.; Differences in the characteristic pressures of pressure-dependent demands are accounted for fully.; Integration of multiple demand types at a node is seamless.; Advantages of the alternative pressure-dependent analysis method are demonstrated.; Effectiveness on very large complex real-world systems is demonstrated clearly.;http://ws.iwaponline.com/content/23/5/1810alternative pressure-driven analysisepanet 2.2pressure-deficient networksimulation modelswater distribution network |
| spellingShingle | P. Sivakumar Nikolai B. Gorev S. Nivedita C. R. Suribabu Rajesh Gupta Tiku T. Tanyimboh An assessment of the artificial modelling elements approach to the pressure-driven analysis of water distribution networks Water Supply alternative pressure-driven analysis epanet 2.2 pressure-deficient network simulation models water distribution network |
| title | An assessment of the artificial modelling elements approach to the pressure-driven analysis of water distribution networks |
| title_full | An assessment of the artificial modelling elements approach to the pressure-driven analysis of water distribution networks |
| title_fullStr | An assessment of the artificial modelling elements approach to the pressure-driven analysis of water distribution networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | An assessment of the artificial modelling elements approach to the pressure-driven analysis of water distribution networks |
| title_short | An assessment of the artificial modelling elements approach to the pressure-driven analysis of water distribution networks |
| title_sort | assessment of the artificial modelling elements approach to the pressure driven analysis of water distribution networks |
| topic | alternative pressure-driven analysis epanet 2.2 pressure-deficient network simulation models water distribution network |
| url | http://ws.iwaponline.com/content/23/5/1810 |
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