Acaricidal activity of plant-derived essential oil components against Psoroptes ovis in vitro and in vivo

Abstract Background Treatment of Psoroptes ovis in cattle is limited to topical acaricides or systemic treatment with macrocyclic lactones. Treatment failure of macrocyclic lactones has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate a potential alternative treatment against P. ovis. Methods Th...

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Main Authors: Zhenzhen Chen, Wouter van Mol, Marieke Vanhecke, Luc Duchateau, Edwin Claerebout
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2019-08-01
Series:Parasites & Vectors
Subjects:
Online Access:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-019-3654-x
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author Zhenzhen Chen
Wouter van Mol
Marieke Vanhecke
Luc Duchateau
Edwin Claerebout
author_facet Zhenzhen Chen
Wouter van Mol
Marieke Vanhecke
Luc Duchateau
Edwin Claerebout
author_sort Zhenzhen Chen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Treatment of Psoroptes ovis in cattle is limited to topical acaricides or systemic treatment with macrocyclic lactones. Treatment failure of macrocyclic lactones has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate a potential alternative treatment against P. ovis. Methods The acaricidal activity against P. ovis of four plant-derived essential oil components, i.e. geraniol, eugenol, 1,8-cineol and carvacrol, was assessed in vitro and in vivo. In vitro contact, fumigation and residual bioassays were performed. In addition, 12 Belgium Blue cattle were artificially infested and treated topically once a week for three successive weeks with carvacrol in Tween-80 (treatment group) or with Tween-80 alone (control). The efficacy of carvacrol was determined by the reduction in lesion size and mite counts. Six additional animals were topically treated with carvacrol to assess local adverse reactions. Results Three components showed a concentration-dependent acaricidal activity in a contact assay, with LC50 of 0.56, 0.38 and 0.26% at 24 h for geraniol, eugenol, and carvacrol, respectively. However, 1,8-cineol showed no activity at any of the tested concentrations in a contact bioassay. In a fumigation bioassay, carvacrol killed all mites within 50 min after treatment, whereas geraniol, eugenol and 1,8-cineol needed 90 to 150 min. Following a 72 h incubation period in a residual bioassay, carvacrol killed all mites after 4 h of exposure to LC90, while geraniol and eugenol killed all mites only after 8 h exposure. Based on these results, carvacrol was further assessed in vivo. Mite counts in the treatment group were reduced by 98.5 ± 2.4% at 6 weeks post-treatment, while in the control group the mite population had increased. Topical application of carvacrol only caused mild and transient erythema 20 min after treatment. No other side effects were observed. Conclusions Considering the strong acaricidal activity of carvacrol in vitro and in vivo and the mild and transient local side effects, carvacrol shows potential as an acaricidal agent in the treatment of P. ovis in cattle.
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spelling doaj.art-581aa7b588994d398f6fdc0627dac87e2022-12-22T01:19:41ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052019-08-0112111110.1186/s13071-019-3654-xAcaricidal activity of plant-derived essential oil components against Psoroptes ovis in vitro and in vivoZhenzhen Chen0Wouter van Mol1Marieke Vanhecke2Luc Duchateau3Edwin Claerebout4Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent UniversityLaboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent UniversityLaboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent UniversityBiometrics Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent UniversityLaboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent UniversityAbstract Background Treatment of Psoroptes ovis in cattle is limited to topical acaricides or systemic treatment with macrocyclic lactones. Treatment failure of macrocyclic lactones has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate a potential alternative treatment against P. ovis. Methods The acaricidal activity against P. ovis of four plant-derived essential oil components, i.e. geraniol, eugenol, 1,8-cineol and carvacrol, was assessed in vitro and in vivo. In vitro contact, fumigation and residual bioassays were performed. In addition, 12 Belgium Blue cattle were artificially infested and treated topically once a week for three successive weeks with carvacrol in Tween-80 (treatment group) or with Tween-80 alone (control). The efficacy of carvacrol was determined by the reduction in lesion size and mite counts. Six additional animals were topically treated with carvacrol to assess local adverse reactions. Results Three components showed a concentration-dependent acaricidal activity in a contact assay, with LC50 of 0.56, 0.38 and 0.26% at 24 h for geraniol, eugenol, and carvacrol, respectively. However, 1,8-cineol showed no activity at any of the tested concentrations in a contact bioassay. In a fumigation bioassay, carvacrol killed all mites within 50 min after treatment, whereas geraniol, eugenol and 1,8-cineol needed 90 to 150 min. Following a 72 h incubation period in a residual bioassay, carvacrol killed all mites after 4 h of exposure to LC90, while geraniol and eugenol killed all mites only after 8 h exposure. Based on these results, carvacrol was further assessed in vivo. Mite counts in the treatment group were reduced by 98.5 ± 2.4% at 6 weeks post-treatment, while in the control group the mite population had increased. Topical application of carvacrol only caused mild and transient erythema 20 min after treatment. No other side effects were observed. Conclusions Considering the strong acaricidal activity of carvacrol in vitro and in vivo and the mild and transient local side effects, carvacrol shows potential as an acaricidal agent in the treatment of P. ovis in cattle.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-019-3654-xPsoroptes ovisCattleAcaricideEssential oilsIn vitroIn vivo
spellingShingle Zhenzhen Chen
Wouter van Mol
Marieke Vanhecke
Luc Duchateau
Edwin Claerebout
Acaricidal activity of plant-derived essential oil components against Psoroptes ovis in vitro and in vivo
Parasites & Vectors
Psoroptes ovis
Cattle
Acaricide
Essential oils
In vitro
In vivo
title Acaricidal activity of plant-derived essential oil components against Psoroptes ovis in vitro and in vivo
title_full Acaricidal activity of plant-derived essential oil components against Psoroptes ovis in vitro and in vivo
title_fullStr Acaricidal activity of plant-derived essential oil components against Psoroptes ovis in vitro and in vivo
title_full_unstemmed Acaricidal activity of plant-derived essential oil components against Psoroptes ovis in vitro and in vivo
title_short Acaricidal activity of plant-derived essential oil components against Psoroptes ovis in vitro and in vivo
title_sort acaricidal activity of plant derived essential oil components against psoroptes ovis in vitro and in vivo
topic Psoroptes ovis
Cattle
Acaricide
Essential oils
In vitro
In vivo
url http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-019-3654-x
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AT mariekevanhecke acaricidalactivityofplantderivedessentialoilcomponentsagainstpsoroptesovisinvitroandinvivo
AT lucduchateau acaricidalactivityofplantderivedessentialoilcomponentsagainstpsoroptesovisinvitroandinvivo
AT edwinclaerebout acaricidalactivityofplantderivedessentialoilcomponentsagainstpsoroptesovisinvitroandinvivo