Investigation and Prediction of Tensile, Flexural, and Compressive Properties of Tough PLA Material Using Definitive Screening Design
The material extrusion fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique has become a widely used technique that enables the production of complex parts for various applications. To overcome limitations of PLA material such as low impact toughness, commercially available materials such as UltiMaker Tough PL...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/20/4169 |
| _version_ | 1797572458474110976 |
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| author | Abdulsalam A. Al-Tamimi Adi Pandžić Edin Kadrić |
| author_facet | Abdulsalam A. Al-Tamimi Adi Pandžić Edin Kadrić |
| author_sort | Abdulsalam A. Al-Tamimi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The material extrusion fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique has become a widely used technique that enables the production of complex parts for various applications. To overcome limitations of PLA material such as low impact toughness, commercially available materials such as UltiMaker Tough PLA were produced to improve the parent PLA material that can be widely applied in many engineering applications. In this study, 3D-printed parts (test specimens) considering six different printing parameters (i.e., layer height, wall thickness, infill density, build plate temperature, printing speed, and printing temperature) are experimentally investigated to understand their impact on the mechanical properties of Tough PLA material. Three different standardized tests of tensile, flexural, and compressive properties were conducted to determine the maximum force and Young’s modulus. These six properties were used as responses in a design of experiment, definitive screening design (DSD), to build six regression models. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is performed to evaluate the effects of each of the six printing parameters on Tough PLA mechanical properties. It is shown that all regression models are statistically significant (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo><</mo><mn>0.05</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) with high values of adjusted and predicted <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Conducted confirmation tests resulted in low relative errors between experimental and predicted data, indicating that the developed models are adequately accurate and reliable for the prediction of tensile, flexural, and compressive properties of Tough PLA material. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:56:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-58202996899b4d57a1517cf01209d539 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:56:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-58202996899b4d57a1517cf01209d5392023-11-19T17:52:11ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-10-011520416910.3390/polym15204169Investigation and Prediction of Tensile, Flexural, and Compressive Properties of Tough PLA Material Using Definitive Screening DesignAbdulsalam A. Al-Tamimi0Adi Pandžić1Edin Kadrić2Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi ArabiaMechanical Engineering Faculty, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaMechanical Engineering Faculty, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe material extrusion fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique has become a widely used technique that enables the production of complex parts for various applications. To overcome limitations of PLA material such as low impact toughness, commercially available materials such as UltiMaker Tough PLA were produced to improve the parent PLA material that can be widely applied in many engineering applications. In this study, 3D-printed parts (test specimens) considering six different printing parameters (i.e., layer height, wall thickness, infill density, build plate temperature, printing speed, and printing temperature) are experimentally investigated to understand their impact on the mechanical properties of Tough PLA material. Three different standardized tests of tensile, flexural, and compressive properties were conducted to determine the maximum force and Young’s modulus. These six properties were used as responses in a design of experiment, definitive screening design (DSD), to build six regression models. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is performed to evaluate the effects of each of the six printing parameters on Tough PLA mechanical properties. It is shown that all regression models are statistically significant (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo><</mo><mn>0.05</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) with high values of adjusted and predicted <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Conducted confirmation tests resulted in low relative errors between experimental and predicted data, indicating that the developed models are adequately accurate and reliable for the prediction of tensile, flexural, and compressive properties of Tough PLA material.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/20/4169Tough PLAfused deposition modelingFDM printing parametersmechanical propertiestensileflexural |
| spellingShingle | Abdulsalam A. Al-Tamimi Adi Pandžić Edin Kadrić Investigation and Prediction of Tensile, Flexural, and Compressive Properties of Tough PLA Material Using Definitive Screening Design Polymers Tough PLA fused deposition modeling FDM printing parameters mechanical properties tensile flexural |
| title | Investigation and Prediction of Tensile, Flexural, and Compressive Properties of Tough PLA Material Using Definitive Screening Design |
| title_full | Investigation and Prediction of Tensile, Flexural, and Compressive Properties of Tough PLA Material Using Definitive Screening Design |
| title_fullStr | Investigation and Prediction of Tensile, Flexural, and Compressive Properties of Tough PLA Material Using Definitive Screening Design |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation and Prediction of Tensile, Flexural, and Compressive Properties of Tough PLA Material Using Definitive Screening Design |
| title_short | Investigation and Prediction of Tensile, Flexural, and Compressive Properties of Tough PLA Material Using Definitive Screening Design |
| title_sort | investigation and prediction of tensile flexural and compressive properties of tough pla material using definitive screening design |
| topic | Tough PLA fused deposition modeling FDM printing parameters mechanical properties tensile flexural |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/20/4169 |
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