Development of a CMAQ–PMF-based composite index for prescribing an effective ozone abatement strategy: a case study of sensitivity of surface ozone to precursor volatile organic compound species in southern Taiwan
<p>Photochemical ozone pollution is a serious air quality problem under weak synoptic conditions in many areas worldwide. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are largely responsible for ozone production in urban areas where nitrogen oxide (<span class="inline-formula">NO<sub&g...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/6357/2023/acp-23-6357-2023.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797806298451935232 |
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| author | J. H.-W. Chang J. H.-W. Chang S. M. Griffith S. M. Griffith S. S.-K. Kong M.-T. Chuang N.-H. Lin N.-H. Lin |
| author_facet | J. H.-W. Chang J. H.-W. Chang S. M. Griffith S. M. Griffith S. S.-K. Kong M.-T. Chuang N.-H. Lin N.-H. Lin |
| author_sort | J. H.-W. Chang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Photochemical ozone pollution is a serious air quality
problem under weak synoptic conditions in many areas worldwide. Volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) are largely responsible for ozone production in
urban areas where nitrogen oxide (<span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span>) mixing ratios are high while usually not a
limiting precursor to ozone (<span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span>). In this study, the Community Multiscale Air
Quality model higher-order decoupled direct method (CMAQ-HDDM) at an
urban-scale resolution (<span class="inline-formula">1.0 km×1.0</span> km) in conjunction with positive matrix
factorization (PMF) was used to identify the dominant sources of highly
sensitive VOC species to ozone formation in southern Taiwan, a complex
region of coastal urban and industrial parks and inland mountainous areas.
First-order, second-order, and cross sensitivities of ozone concentrations to
domain-wide (i.e., urban, suburban, and rural) <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span> and VOC emissions were
determined for the study area. Negative (positive) first-order sensitivities
to <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span> emissions are dominant over urban (inland) areas, confirming
ozone production sensitivity favors the VOC-limited regime (<span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span>-limited
regime) in southern Taiwan. Furthermore, most of the urban areas also
exhibited negative second-order sensitivity to <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span> emissions,
indicating a negative <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> convex response where the linear increase of
<span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> from decreasing <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span> emissions was largely attenuated by the
nonlinear effects. Due to the solidly VOC-limited regime and the relative
insensitivity of <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> production to increases or decreases of <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span>
emissions, this study pursued the VOC species that contributed the most to
ozone formation. PMF analysis driven by VOCs resolved eight factors including
mixed industry (21 %), vehicle emissions (22 %), solvent usage (17 %),
biogenic sources (12 %), plastic industry (10 %), aged air mass (7 %),
motorcycle exhausts (7 %), and manufacturing industry (5 %).
Furthermore, a composite index that quantitatively combined the CMAQ-HDDM
sensitivity coefficient and PMF-resolved factor contribution was developed
to identify the key VOC species that should be targeted for effective ozone
abatement. Our results indicate that VOC control measures should target
(1) solvent usage for painting, coating and the printing industry, which
emits abundant toluene and xylene; (2) gasoline fuel vehicle emissions of
<span class="inline-formula"><i>n</i></span>-butane, isopentane, isobutane, and <span class="inline-formula"><i>n</i></span>-pentane; and (3) ethylene and
propylene emissions from the petrochemical industry.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T06:05:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5834c57c88354eee81e13e15170ffea0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T06:05:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-5834c57c88354eee81e13e15170ffea02023-06-12T06:02:25ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242023-06-01236357638210.5194/acp-23-6357-2023Development of a CMAQ–PMF-based composite index for prescribing an effective ozone abatement strategy: a case study of sensitivity of surface ozone to precursor volatile organic compound species in southern TaiwanJ. H.-W. Chang0J. H.-W. Chang1S. M. Griffith2S. M. Griffith3S. S.-K. Kong4M.-T. Chuang5N.-H. Lin6N.-H. Lin7Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, TaiwanPreparatory Center for Science and Technology, University Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MalaysiaDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwanpresent address: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, TaiwanDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, TaiwanResearch Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, TaiwanDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, TaiwanCenter for Environmental Monitoring and Technology, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan<p>Photochemical ozone pollution is a serious air quality problem under weak synoptic conditions in many areas worldwide. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are largely responsible for ozone production in urban areas where nitrogen oxide (<span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span>) mixing ratios are high while usually not a limiting precursor to ozone (<span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span>). In this study, the Community Multiscale Air Quality model higher-order decoupled direct method (CMAQ-HDDM) at an urban-scale resolution (<span class="inline-formula">1.0 km×1.0</span> km) in conjunction with positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to identify the dominant sources of highly sensitive VOC species to ozone formation in southern Taiwan, a complex region of coastal urban and industrial parks and inland mountainous areas. First-order, second-order, and cross sensitivities of ozone concentrations to domain-wide (i.e., urban, suburban, and rural) <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span> and VOC emissions were determined for the study area. Negative (positive) first-order sensitivities to <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span> emissions are dominant over urban (inland) areas, confirming ozone production sensitivity favors the VOC-limited regime (<span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span>-limited regime) in southern Taiwan. Furthermore, most of the urban areas also exhibited negative second-order sensitivity to <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span> emissions, indicating a negative <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> convex response where the linear increase of <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> from decreasing <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span> emissions was largely attenuated by the nonlinear effects. Due to the solidly VOC-limited regime and the relative insensitivity of <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> production to increases or decreases of <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span> emissions, this study pursued the VOC species that contributed the most to ozone formation. PMF analysis driven by VOCs resolved eight factors including mixed industry (21 %), vehicle emissions (22 %), solvent usage (17 %), biogenic sources (12 %), plastic industry (10 %), aged air mass (7 %), motorcycle exhausts (7 %), and manufacturing industry (5 %). Furthermore, a composite index that quantitatively combined the CMAQ-HDDM sensitivity coefficient and PMF-resolved factor contribution was developed to identify the key VOC species that should be targeted for effective ozone abatement. Our results indicate that VOC control measures should target (1) solvent usage for painting, coating and the printing industry, which emits abundant toluene and xylene; (2) gasoline fuel vehicle emissions of <span class="inline-formula"><i>n</i></span>-butane, isopentane, isobutane, and <span class="inline-formula"><i>n</i></span>-pentane; and (3) ethylene and propylene emissions from the petrochemical industry.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/6357/2023/acp-23-6357-2023.pdf |
| spellingShingle | J. H.-W. Chang J. H.-W. Chang S. M. Griffith S. M. Griffith S. S.-K. Kong M.-T. Chuang N.-H. Lin N.-H. Lin Development of a CMAQ–PMF-based composite index for prescribing an effective ozone abatement strategy: a case study of sensitivity of surface ozone to precursor volatile organic compound species in southern Taiwan Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Development of a CMAQ–PMF-based composite index for prescribing an effective ozone abatement strategy: a case study of sensitivity of surface ozone to precursor volatile organic compound species in southern Taiwan |
| title_full | Development of a CMAQ–PMF-based composite index for prescribing an effective ozone abatement strategy: a case study of sensitivity of surface ozone to precursor volatile organic compound species in southern Taiwan |
| title_fullStr | Development of a CMAQ–PMF-based composite index for prescribing an effective ozone abatement strategy: a case study of sensitivity of surface ozone to precursor volatile organic compound species in southern Taiwan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of a CMAQ–PMF-based composite index for prescribing an effective ozone abatement strategy: a case study of sensitivity of surface ozone to precursor volatile organic compound species in southern Taiwan |
| title_short | Development of a CMAQ–PMF-based composite index for prescribing an effective ozone abatement strategy: a case study of sensitivity of surface ozone to precursor volatile organic compound species in southern Taiwan |
| title_sort | development of a cmaq pmf based composite index for prescribing an effective ozone abatement strategy a case study of sensitivity of surface ozone to precursor volatile organic compound species in southern taiwan |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/6357/2023/acp-23-6357-2023.pdf |
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