Risk assessment of human exposure to lead and cadmium in maize grains cultivated in soils irrigated either with low-quality water or freshwater
Maize is the third important cereal crop after wheat and rice, especially in Egyptian villages. It is used in baking as a substitution component in wheat products and a main component in snacks for children. The target of this study was to estimate the risk assessment of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Toxicology Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214750019303002 |
| _version_ | 1819276334909620224 |
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| author | Adel S. El-Hassanin Magdy R. Samak Gomaa N. Abdel-Rahman Yahia H. Abu-Sree Essam M. Saleh |
| author_facet | Adel S. El-Hassanin Magdy R. Samak Gomaa N. Abdel-Rahman Yahia H. Abu-Sree Essam M. Saleh |
| author_sort | Adel S. El-Hassanin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Maize is the third important cereal crop after wheat and rice, especially in Egyptian villages. It is used in baking as a substitution component in wheat products and a main component in snacks for children. The target of this study was to estimate the risk assessment of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in maize grains cultivated in the agricultural soil irrigated by the contaminated water in comparison with that irrigated by freshwater. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels in irrigation water, soils and maize grains collected from different sites in Egypt were determined using ICP-OES. The studied samples were collected from 5 agricultural sites irrigated with freshwater (Nile River water and groundwater) as well as 4 agricultural sites irrigated with low-quality water (contaminated by sewage and industrial wastewater). Results exhibited that the levels of Pb and Cd in soil and maize grains were significantly affected by their levels in irrigation water; where, the levels of Pb and Cd in soil and maize grains irrigated by low-quality water possessed the multiple concentrations in comparison with those irrigated by freshwater. Specific water sources such as Kafr-Dokhmais and Al-Nasiria sites, Kafr El-Sheikh governorate had the highest levels of metals in the samples of irrigation water, soil and maize grains (p < 0.05). Metals levels in water and soil samples were within the permissible limits except Cd in low-quality water samples. Levels of Pb in maize grains irrigated by low-quality water were above the permissible limits (0.20 mg kg−1), while Cd levels were within the permissible limits (0.1 mg kg−1) except Al-Nasiria samples. Levels of Pb and Cd in maize grains irrigated by low-quality water were 19–30 folds those of maize grains irrigated by freshwater. The risk assessment of Pb and Cd levels in maize grains was estimated by daily intake of metals (DIM) and health risk index (HRI). All determined HRI was <1 indicating a non potential health risk for both adults and children. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T23:38:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-583d8019a5e8416bb7bacd89292e3f47 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2214-7500 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T23:38:35Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxicology Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-583d8019a5e8416bb7bacd89292e3f472022-12-21T17:25:46ZengElsevierToxicology Reports2214-75002020-01-0171015Risk assessment of human exposure to lead and cadmium in maize grains cultivated in soils irrigated either with low-quality water or freshwaterAdel S. El-Hassanin0Magdy R. Samak1Gomaa N. Abdel-Rahman2Yahia H. Abu-Sree3Essam M. Saleh4Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of African Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, EgyptDepartment of Natural Resources, Faculty of African Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, EgyptDepartment of Food Toxicology and Contaminants, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo, P.O. Box: 12622, Egypt; Corresponding author.Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminants, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo, P.O. Box: 12622, EgyptDepartment of Food Toxicology and Contaminants, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo, P.O. Box: 12622, EgyptMaize is the third important cereal crop after wheat and rice, especially in Egyptian villages. It is used in baking as a substitution component in wheat products and a main component in snacks for children. The target of this study was to estimate the risk assessment of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in maize grains cultivated in the agricultural soil irrigated by the contaminated water in comparison with that irrigated by freshwater. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels in irrigation water, soils and maize grains collected from different sites in Egypt were determined using ICP-OES. The studied samples were collected from 5 agricultural sites irrigated with freshwater (Nile River water and groundwater) as well as 4 agricultural sites irrigated with low-quality water (contaminated by sewage and industrial wastewater). Results exhibited that the levels of Pb and Cd in soil and maize grains were significantly affected by their levels in irrigation water; where, the levels of Pb and Cd in soil and maize grains irrigated by low-quality water possessed the multiple concentrations in comparison with those irrigated by freshwater. Specific water sources such as Kafr-Dokhmais and Al-Nasiria sites, Kafr El-Sheikh governorate had the highest levels of metals in the samples of irrigation water, soil and maize grains (p < 0.05). Metals levels in water and soil samples were within the permissible limits except Cd in low-quality water samples. Levels of Pb in maize grains irrigated by low-quality water were above the permissible limits (0.20 mg kg−1), while Cd levels were within the permissible limits (0.1 mg kg−1) except Al-Nasiria samples. Levels of Pb and Cd in maize grains irrigated by low-quality water were 19–30 folds those of maize grains irrigated by freshwater. The risk assessment of Pb and Cd levels in maize grains was estimated by daily intake of metals (DIM) and health risk index (HRI). All determined HRI was <1 indicating a non potential health risk for both adults and children.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214750019303002LeadCadmiumMaize grainsRisk assessmentFood contamination |
| spellingShingle | Adel S. El-Hassanin Magdy R. Samak Gomaa N. Abdel-Rahman Yahia H. Abu-Sree Essam M. Saleh Risk assessment of human exposure to lead and cadmium in maize grains cultivated in soils irrigated either with low-quality water or freshwater Toxicology Reports Lead Cadmium Maize grains Risk assessment Food contamination |
| title | Risk assessment of human exposure to lead and cadmium in maize grains cultivated in soils irrigated either with low-quality water or freshwater |
| title_full | Risk assessment of human exposure to lead and cadmium in maize grains cultivated in soils irrigated either with low-quality water or freshwater |
| title_fullStr | Risk assessment of human exposure to lead and cadmium in maize grains cultivated in soils irrigated either with low-quality water or freshwater |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk assessment of human exposure to lead and cadmium in maize grains cultivated in soils irrigated either with low-quality water or freshwater |
| title_short | Risk assessment of human exposure to lead and cadmium in maize grains cultivated in soils irrigated either with low-quality water or freshwater |
| title_sort | risk assessment of human exposure to lead and cadmium in maize grains cultivated in soils irrigated either with low quality water or freshwater |
| topic | Lead Cadmium Maize grains Risk assessment Food contamination |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214750019303002 |
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