Localisation of Intracellular Signals and Responses during Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis is one of the most polarised of all cellular activities. Both the stimulus (the target for phagocytosis) and the response (its internalisation) are focussed at just one part of the cell. At the locus, and this locus alone, pseudopodia form a phagocytic cup around the particle, the cytos...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2825 |
| _version_ | 1797624217708003328 |
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| author | Maurice B. Hallett |
| author_facet | Maurice B. Hallett |
| author_sort | Maurice B. Hallett |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Phagocytosis is one of the most polarised of all cellular activities. Both the stimulus (the target for phagocytosis) and the response (its internalisation) are focussed at just one part of the cell. At the locus, and this locus alone, pseudopodia form a phagocytic cup around the particle, the cytoskeleton is rearranged, the plasma membrane is reorganised, and a new internal organelle, the phagosome, is formed. The effect of signals from the stimulus must, thus, both be complex and yet be restricted in space and time to enable an effective focussed response. While many aspects of phagocytosis are being uncovered, the mechanism for the restriction of signalling or the effects of signalling remains obscure. In this review, the details of the problem of restricting chemical intracellular signalling are presented, with a focus on diffusion into the cytosol and of signalling lipids along the plasma membrane. The possible ways in which simple diffusion is overcome so that the restriction of signalling and effective phagocytosis can be achieved are discussed in the light of recent advances in imaging, biophysics, and cell biochemistry which together are providing new insights into this area. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:39:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5848427ca85d4dc892af9509002727eb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:39:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-5848427ca85d4dc892af9509002727eb2023-11-16T17:02:55ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-02-01243282510.3390/ijms24032825Localisation of Intracellular Signals and Responses during PhagocytosisMaurice B. Hallett0School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UKPhagocytosis is one of the most polarised of all cellular activities. Both the stimulus (the target for phagocytosis) and the response (its internalisation) are focussed at just one part of the cell. At the locus, and this locus alone, pseudopodia form a phagocytic cup around the particle, the cytoskeleton is rearranged, the plasma membrane is reorganised, and a new internal organelle, the phagosome, is formed. The effect of signals from the stimulus must, thus, both be complex and yet be restricted in space and time to enable an effective focussed response. While many aspects of phagocytosis are being uncovered, the mechanism for the restriction of signalling or the effects of signalling remains obscure. In this review, the details of the problem of restricting chemical intracellular signalling are presented, with a focus on diffusion into the cytosol and of signalling lipids along the plasma membrane. The possible ways in which simple diffusion is overcome so that the restriction of signalling and effective phagocytosis can be achieved are discussed in the light of recent advances in imaging, biophysics, and cell biochemistry which together are providing new insights into this area.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2825phagocytosisCa<sup>2+</sup>phospholipidscell signallingneutrophilscytoskeleton |
| spellingShingle | Maurice B. Hallett Localisation of Intracellular Signals and Responses during Phagocytosis International Journal of Molecular Sciences phagocytosis Ca<sup>2+</sup> phospholipids cell signalling neutrophils cytoskeleton |
| title | Localisation of Intracellular Signals and Responses during Phagocytosis |
| title_full | Localisation of Intracellular Signals and Responses during Phagocytosis |
| title_fullStr | Localisation of Intracellular Signals and Responses during Phagocytosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Localisation of Intracellular Signals and Responses during Phagocytosis |
| title_short | Localisation of Intracellular Signals and Responses during Phagocytosis |
| title_sort | localisation of intracellular signals and responses during phagocytosis |
| topic | phagocytosis Ca<sup>2+</sup> phospholipids cell signalling neutrophils cytoskeleton |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2825 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mauricebhallett localisationofintracellularsignalsandresponsesduringphagocytosis |