Ionic Liquid Agar–Alginate Beads as a Sustainable Phenol Adsorbent
Cleaning wastewater containing low concentrations of phenolic compounds is a challenging task. In this work, agar–alginate beads impregnated with trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bromide ([P<sub>66614</sub>][Br]) ionic liquid adsorbent were synthesized as a potential adsorbent for such appl...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/5/984 |
| _version_ | 1797474011642331136 |
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| author | Nihal Yasir Amir Sada Khan Muhammad Faheem Hassan Taleb H. Ibrahim Mustafa I. Khamis Paul Nancarrow |
| author_facet | Nihal Yasir Amir Sada Khan Muhammad Faheem Hassan Taleb H. Ibrahim Mustafa I. Khamis Paul Nancarrow |
| author_sort | Nihal Yasir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cleaning wastewater containing low concentrations of phenolic compounds is a challenging task. In this work, agar–alginate beads impregnated with trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bromide ([P<sub>66614</sub>][Br]) ionic liquid adsorbent were synthesized as a potential adsorbent for such applications. FTIR, TGA, SEM, EDX and PZC studies were performed to characterize and understand the physicochemical properties of the adsorbent. The Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study showed that [P<sub>66614</sub>][Br] ionic liquid was effectively incorporated into the agar–alginate structure. TGA and SEM confirmed comparative enhanced thermal stability and porous surface, respectively. Chemical reaction rate-altering parameters, i.e., pH, contact time, initial phenol concentration and temperature, are optimized at highest phenol removal. It was found that the maximum phenol adsorption capacity and highest removal efficiency by the adsorbent occurred at pH 2, initial phenol concentration of 150 mg/L, beads dosage of 6 mg/mL and contact time of 2 h with values of 16.28 mg/g and 65.12%, respectively. The pseudo-second order model fitted the adsorption kinetics well, and the Freundlich isotherm model gave the experimental data the best fit. Analysis of thermodynamic data demonstrated that the adsorption process is fundamentally exothermic in nature, and low temperature favors spontaneity of the chemical reaction. Regeneration studies indicated that the adsorbent can at least be used for four cycles in such applications without any considerable loss in adsorption efficiency. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:24:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5852da0f6ae14872b7960d65b8695f55 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:24:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-5852da0f6ae14872b7960d65b8695f552023-11-23T23:39:20ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-02-0114598410.3390/polym14050984Ionic Liquid Agar–Alginate Beads as a Sustainable Phenol AdsorbentNihal Yasir0Amir Sada Khan1Muhammad Faheem Hassan2Taleb H. Ibrahim3Mustafa I. Khamis4Paul Nancarrow5Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab EmiratesCleaning wastewater containing low concentrations of phenolic compounds is a challenging task. In this work, agar–alginate beads impregnated with trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bromide ([P<sub>66614</sub>][Br]) ionic liquid adsorbent were synthesized as a potential adsorbent for such applications. FTIR, TGA, SEM, EDX and PZC studies were performed to characterize and understand the physicochemical properties of the adsorbent. The Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study showed that [P<sub>66614</sub>][Br] ionic liquid was effectively incorporated into the agar–alginate structure. TGA and SEM confirmed comparative enhanced thermal stability and porous surface, respectively. Chemical reaction rate-altering parameters, i.e., pH, contact time, initial phenol concentration and temperature, are optimized at highest phenol removal. It was found that the maximum phenol adsorption capacity and highest removal efficiency by the adsorbent occurred at pH 2, initial phenol concentration of 150 mg/L, beads dosage of 6 mg/mL and contact time of 2 h with values of 16.28 mg/g and 65.12%, respectively. The pseudo-second order model fitted the adsorption kinetics well, and the Freundlich isotherm model gave the experimental data the best fit. Analysis of thermodynamic data demonstrated that the adsorption process is fundamentally exothermic in nature, and low temperature favors spontaneity of the chemical reaction. Regeneration studies indicated that the adsorbent can at least be used for four cycles in such applications without any considerable loss in adsorption efficiency.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/5/984adsorptionphenolionic liquidsagaralginatekinetic study |
| spellingShingle | Nihal Yasir Amir Sada Khan Muhammad Faheem Hassan Taleb H. Ibrahim Mustafa I. Khamis Paul Nancarrow Ionic Liquid Agar–Alginate Beads as a Sustainable Phenol Adsorbent Polymers adsorption phenol ionic liquids agar alginate kinetic study |
| title | Ionic Liquid Agar–Alginate Beads as a Sustainable Phenol Adsorbent |
| title_full | Ionic Liquid Agar–Alginate Beads as a Sustainable Phenol Adsorbent |
| title_fullStr | Ionic Liquid Agar–Alginate Beads as a Sustainable Phenol Adsorbent |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ionic Liquid Agar–Alginate Beads as a Sustainable Phenol Adsorbent |
| title_short | Ionic Liquid Agar–Alginate Beads as a Sustainable Phenol Adsorbent |
| title_sort | ionic liquid agar alginate beads as a sustainable phenol adsorbent |
| topic | adsorption phenol ionic liquids agar alginate kinetic study |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/5/984 |
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