Toxic effects of polystyrene microbeads and benzo[α]pyrene on bioaccumulation, antioxidant response, and cell damage in goldfish Carassius auratus
Microplastics (MP) are harmful, causing stress in aquatic species and acting as carriers of hydrophobicity. In aquatic environments, benzo[α]pyrene (BaP) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that accumulates in the body and causes toxic reactions in living organisms. We investigated the effects of si...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323013295 |
| _version_ | 1827377980527083520 |
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| author | Jin A Kim Young-Su Park Jun-Hwan Kim Cheol Young Choi |
| author_facet | Jin A Kim Young-Su Park Jun-Hwan Kim Cheol Young Choi |
| author_sort | Jin A Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microplastics (MP) are harmful, causing stress in aquatic species and acting as carriers of hydrophobicity. In aquatic environments, benzo[α]pyrene (BaP) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that accumulates in the body and causes toxic reactions in living organisms. We investigated the effects of single and combined microbead (MB) and BaP environments on goldfish antioxidant response and apoptosis. For 120 h, goldfish were exposed to single (MB10, MB100, and BaP5) and combined (MB10+BaP5 and MB100+BaP5) environments of 10 and 100 beads/L of 0.2 µm polystyrene MB and 5 µg/L BaP. We measured MB and BaP bioaccumulation as well as plasma parameters including ALT, AST, and glucose. The level of oxidative stress was determined by evaluating lipid peroxidation (LPO) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in plasma, as well as antioxidant-related genes for superoxide dismutase and catalase (SOD and CAT) and caspase-3 (Casp3) mRNA expression in liver tissue. The TUNEL assay was used to examine SOD in situ hybridization and apoptosis in goldfish livers. Except for the control group, plasma LPO levels increased at the end of the exposure period in all experimental groups. TAC increased up to 24 h of exposure and then maintained a similar level until the trial ended. SOD, CAT, and Casp3 mRNA expression increased substantially up to 120 h as the exposure concentration and time increased. The TUNEL assay revealed more signals and apoptotic signals in the combined exposure environments as a consequence of SOD in situ hybridization than in single exposure environments. These results suggest that combined exposure to toxic substances causes oxidative stress in organisms, which leads to apoptosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:48:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5866820b49a7477eb443bb5c185fb4b2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:48:16Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj.art-5866820b49a7477eb443bb5c185fb4b22024-01-21T05:04:49ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132024-01-01270115825Toxic effects of polystyrene microbeads and benzo[α]pyrene on bioaccumulation, antioxidant response, and cell damage in goldfish Carassius auratusJin A Kim0Young-Su Park1Jun-Hwan Kim2Cheol Young Choi3Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, KoreaDepartment of Nursing, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, KoreaDepartment of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Corresponding author.Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea; Division of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea; Corresponding author at: Division of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea.Microplastics (MP) are harmful, causing stress in aquatic species and acting as carriers of hydrophobicity. In aquatic environments, benzo[α]pyrene (BaP) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that accumulates in the body and causes toxic reactions in living organisms. We investigated the effects of single and combined microbead (MB) and BaP environments on goldfish antioxidant response and apoptosis. For 120 h, goldfish were exposed to single (MB10, MB100, and BaP5) and combined (MB10+BaP5 and MB100+BaP5) environments of 10 and 100 beads/L of 0.2 µm polystyrene MB and 5 µg/L BaP. We measured MB and BaP bioaccumulation as well as plasma parameters including ALT, AST, and glucose. The level of oxidative stress was determined by evaluating lipid peroxidation (LPO) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in plasma, as well as antioxidant-related genes for superoxide dismutase and catalase (SOD and CAT) and caspase-3 (Casp3) mRNA expression in liver tissue. The TUNEL assay was used to examine SOD in situ hybridization and apoptosis in goldfish livers. Except for the control group, plasma LPO levels increased at the end of the exposure period in all experimental groups. TAC increased up to 24 h of exposure and then maintained a similar level until the trial ended. SOD, CAT, and Casp3 mRNA expression increased substantially up to 120 h as the exposure concentration and time increased. The TUNEL assay revealed more signals and apoptotic signals in the combined exposure environments as a consequence of SOD in situ hybridization than in single exposure environments. These results suggest that combined exposure to toxic substances causes oxidative stress in organisms, which leads to apoptosis.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323013295DNA damageMicroplasticOxidative stressPhysiological responsePolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
| spellingShingle | Jin A Kim Young-Su Park Jun-Hwan Kim Cheol Young Choi Toxic effects of polystyrene microbeads and benzo[α]pyrene on bioaccumulation, antioxidant response, and cell damage in goldfish Carassius auratus Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety DNA damage Microplastic Oxidative stress Physiological response Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
| title | Toxic effects of polystyrene microbeads and benzo[α]pyrene on bioaccumulation, antioxidant response, and cell damage in goldfish Carassius auratus |
| title_full | Toxic effects of polystyrene microbeads and benzo[α]pyrene on bioaccumulation, antioxidant response, and cell damage in goldfish Carassius auratus |
| title_fullStr | Toxic effects of polystyrene microbeads and benzo[α]pyrene on bioaccumulation, antioxidant response, and cell damage in goldfish Carassius auratus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxic effects of polystyrene microbeads and benzo[α]pyrene on bioaccumulation, antioxidant response, and cell damage in goldfish Carassius auratus |
| title_short | Toxic effects of polystyrene microbeads and benzo[α]pyrene on bioaccumulation, antioxidant response, and cell damage in goldfish Carassius auratus |
| title_sort | toxic effects of polystyrene microbeads and benzo α pyrene on bioaccumulation antioxidant response and cell damage in goldfish carassius auratus |
| topic | DNA damage Microplastic Oxidative stress Physiological response Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323013295 |
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