Blowin’ in the Wind: Wind Dispersal Ability of Phytopathogenic <i>Fusarium</i> in a Wind Tunnel Experiment
Dispersal processes play an essential role in cereal diseases caused by phytopathogenic <i>Fusarium</i>. However, most empirical studies of <i>Fusarium</i> spore dispersal have focused on vertical transport by rain splash, while wind dispersal has been mostly neglected. Our o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/12/1653 |
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| author | Annika Hoffmann Roger Funk Marina E. H. Müller |
| author_facet | Annika Hoffmann Roger Funk Marina E. H. Müller |
| author_sort | Annika Hoffmann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dispersal processes play an essential role in cereal diseases caused by phytopathogenic <i>Fusarium</i>. However, most empirical studies of <i>Fusarium</i> spore dispersal have focused on vertical transport by rain splash, while wind dispersal has been mostly neglected. Our objective was to determine the ability of <i>Fusarium</i> conidiospores to disperse via wind under controlled conditions in a wind tunnel study. Ten <i>Fusarium</i> species with diverse spore varieties were studied by placing them in the wind stream at wind velocities of 5 and 8 m s<sup>−1</sup> and collecting them after 6 m and a period of 1 h using a newly developed air sampling box. Although spore concentrations were high in the releasing Petri Dishes, the tested isolates were recaptured in only 18 of 78 runs. <i>F. equiseti</i> and <i>F. cerealis</i> were the most frequently recovered species. Changing abiotic conditions, wind speed, and spore shapes had no significant effect on <i>Fusarium</i> spore recapture rates. Another experiment showed that conidiospores were rarely released from the grown mycelium. Therefore, the importance of wind alone as a dispersal medium for <i>Fusarium</i> conidiospores may have been overestimated so far. Further studies should investigate the importance of carrier media or mobile linkers combined with the wind dispersal of spores. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:35:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-586c006aa68c46c7b5d404379a8adb4e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:35:39Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-586c006aa68c46c7b5d404379a8adb4e2023-11-23T03:46:53ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332021-12-011212165310.3390/atmos12121653Blowin’ in the Wind: Wind Dispersal Ability of Phytopathogenic <i>Fusarium</i> in a Wind Tunnel ExperimentAnnika Hoffmann0Roger Funk1Marina E. H. Müller2Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, GermanyLeibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, GermanyLeibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, GermanyDispersal processes play an essential role in cereal diseases caused by phytopathogenic <i>Fusarium</i>. However, most empirical studies of <i>Fusarium</i> spore dispersal have focused on vertical transport by rain splash, while wind dispersal has been mostly neglected. Our objective was to determine the ability of <i>Fusarium</i> conidiospores to disperse via wind under controlled conditions in a wind tunnel study. Ten <i>Fusarium</i> species with diverse spore varieties were studied by placing them in the wind stream at wind velocities of 5 and 8 m s<sup>−1</sup> and collecting them after 6 m and a period of 1 h using a newly developed air sampling box. Although spore concentrations were high in the releasing Petri Dishes, the tested isolates were recaptured in only 18 of 78 runs. <i>F. equiseti</i> and <i>F. cerealis</i> were the most frequently recovered species. Changing abiotic conditions, wind speed, and spore shapes had no significant effect on <i>Fusarium</i> spore recapture rates. Another experiment showed that conidiospores were rarely released from the grown mycelium. Therefore, the importance of wind alone as a dispersal medium for <i>Fusarium</i> conidiospores may have been overestimated so far. Further studies should investigate the importance of carrier media or mobile linkers combined with the wind dispersal of spores.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/12/1653<i>Fusarium</i>spore distributionwind dispersalwind tunnel |
| spellingShingle | Annika Hoffmann Roger Funk Marina E. H. Müller Blowin’ in the Wind: Wind Dispersal Ability of Phytopathogenic <i>Fusarium</i> in a Wind Tunnel Experiment Atmosphere <i>Fusarium</i> spore distribution wind dispersal wind tunnel |
| title | Blowin’ in the Wind: Wind Dispersal Ability of Phytopathogenic <i>Fusarium</i> in a Wind Tunnel Experiment |
| title_full | Blowin’ in the Wind: Wind Dispersal Ability of Phytopathogenic <i>Fusarium</i> in a Wind Tunnel Experiment |
| title_fullStr | Blowin’ in the Wind: Wind Dispersal Ability of Phytopathogenic <i>Fusarium</i> in a Wind Tunnel Experiment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Blowin’ in the Wind: Wind Dispersal Ability of Phytopathogenic <i>Fusarium</i> in a Wind Tunnel Experiment |
| title_short | Blowin’ in the Wind: Wind Dispersal Ability of Phytopathogenic <i>Fusarium</i> in a Wind Tunnel Experiment |
| title_sort | blowin in the wind wind dispersal ability of phytopathogenic i fusarium i in a wind tunnel experiment |
| topic | <i>Fusarium</i> spore distribution wind dispersal wind tunnel |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/12/1653 |
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