Preparing Collared Peccary (<i>Pecari tajacu</i> Linnaeus, 1758) for Reintroduction into the Wild: A Screening for Parasites and Hemopathogens of a Captive Population
The reintroduction of captive animals to the wild helps restore endangered species, but it risks pathogen transmission, harming wild populations. Such transmission can impact the genetic diversity and long-term viability of these populations. This study assessed parasite diversity and load in captiv...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| author | Júlia Angélica Gonçalves da Silveira Simone Magela Moreira Ariane Flávia do Nascimento Marco Miguel de Oliveira Hudson Andrade dos Santos Letícia Gracielle Tôrres de Miranda Estevam Carine Rodrigues Pereira Anna Gabriela Guimarães Oliveira Mirella Lauria D’Elia Andreina de Carvalho Araujo Juliana Macedo Magnino Silva |
| author_facet | Júlia Angélica Gonçalves da Silveira Simone Magela Moreira Ariane Flávia do Nascimento Marco Miguel de Oliveira Hudson Andrade dos Santos Letícia Gracielle Tôrres de Miranda Estevam Carine Rodrigues Pereira Anna Gabriela Guimarães Oliveira Mirella Lauria D’Elia Andreina de Carvalho Araujo Juliana Macedo Magnino Silva |
| author_sort | Júlia Angélica Gonçalves da Silveira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The reintroduction of captive animals to the wild helps restore endangered species, but it risks pathogen transmission, harming wild populations. Such transmission can impact the genetic diversity and long-term viability of these populations. This study assessed parasite diversity and load in captive <i>Pecari tajacu</i>, a species native to the Americas and culturally significant to Brazilian indigenous culture, prior to reintroduction. Samples from 24 peccaries were analyzed for ectoparasites, hemopathogens, and stool parasites with direct and molecular analysis. Findings showed that various parasites were present. Two peccaries (8.3%) were infested by the adult tick <i>Amblyomma sculptum</i>. Six (25.0%) tested positive for <i>Trypanosoma evansi</i>, four (16.7%) for hemobacteria of the family Anaplasmataceae, twelve (50.0%) for hemotropic <i>Mycoplasma</i>, and seven (29.2%) for <i>Leishmania braziliensis</i>. Stool samples indicated multiple parasites, with sixteen (66.7%) peccaries infected by Strongylida order parasites, Spiruridae in three (12.5%), and <i>Ascaris suum</i> in one (4.2%) animal. Cysts of <i>Balantidium</i> sp. were found in twenty (83.3%), <i>Entamoeba polecki</i> in five (20.8%), and <i>Iodamoeba bütschlii</i> in two (8.3%) peccaries. To our current knowledge, this is the first global report of <i>Leishmania braziliensis</i>, <i>Iodamoeba bütschlii</i>, and <i>Entamoeba polecki</i> in <i>P. tajacu</i>, irrespective of the environment, including both captivity and wild conditions. Some of these parasites are common in domestic animals, and others are zoonotic, indicating potential interspecies pathogen transmission. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:38:21Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:38:21Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-586cec2964cf4778b673de16a17fcc2c2024-01-26T18:03:28ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172024-01-011314710.3390/pathogens13010047Preparing Collared Peccary (<i>Pecari tajacu</i> Linnaeus, 1758) for Reintroduction into the Wild: A Screening for Parasites and Hemopathogens of a Captive PopulationJúlia Angélica Gonçalves da Silveira0Simone Magela Moreira1Ariane Flávia do Nascimento2Marco Miguel de Oliveira3Hudson Andrade dos Santos4Letícia Gracielle Tôrres de Miranda Estevam5Carine Rodrigues Pereira6Anna Gabriela Guimarães Oliveira7Mirella Lauria D’Elia8Andreina de Carvalho Araujo9Juliana Macedo Magnino Silva10Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, BrazilDepartment of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Minas Gerais-Campus Bambuí, Bambuí 38900-000, MG, BrazilDepartment of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Minas Gerais-Campus Bambuí, Bambuí 38900-000, MG, BrazilBiological Science, State University of Minas Gerais-Unit Ituiutaba, Ituiutaba 38302-192, MG, BrazilDepartment of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, BrazilStudy Group on Leishmaniases, Fiocruz-Research Center Renê Rachou, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, BrazilDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, MG, BrazilDepartment of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, BrazilAiuká-Consultancy for Environmental Solutions, Praia Grande 11725-000, SP, BrazilDepartment of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, BrazilFauna Protection Coordination of State Forest Institute-IEF, Belo Horizonte 38400-186, MG, BrazilThe reintroduction of captive animals to the wild helps restore endangered species, but it risks pathogen transmission, harming wild populations. Such transmission can impact the genetic diversity and long-term viability of these populations. This study assessed parasite diversity and load in captive <i>Pecari tajacu</i>, a species native to the Americas and culturally significant to Brazilian indigenous culture, prior to reintroduction. Samples from 24 peccaries were analyzed for ectoparasites, hemopathogens, and stool parasites with direct and molecular analysis. Findings showed that various parasites were present. Two peccaries (8.3%) were infested by the adult tick <i>Amblyomma sculptum</i>. Six (25.0%) tested positive for <i>Trypanosoma evansi</i>, four (16.7%) for hemobacteria of the family Anaplasmataceae, twelve (50.0%) for hemotropic <i>Mycoplasma</i>, and seven (29.2%) for <i>Leishmania braziliensis</i>. Stool samples indicated multiple parasites, with sixteen (66.7%) peccaries infected by Strongylida order parasites, Spiruridae in three (12.5%), and <i>Ascaris suum</i> in one (4.2%) animal. Cysts of <i>Balantidium</i> sp. were found in twenty (83.3%), <i>Entamoeba polecki</i> in five (20.8%), and <i>Iodamoeba bütschlii</i> in two (8.3%) peccaries. To our current knowledge, this is the first global report of <i>Leishmania braziliensis</i>, <i>Iodamoeba bütschlii</i>, and <i>Entamoeba polecki</i> in <i>P. tajacu</i>, irrespective of the environment, including both captivity and wild conditions. Some of these parasites are common in domestic animals, and others are zoonotic, indicating potential interspecies pathogen transmission.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/1/47parasite loadcaptive breedingtayassuidaebiodiversity conservation |
| spellingShingle | Júlia Angélica Gonçalves da Silveira Simone Magela Moreira Ariane Flávia do Nascimento Marco Miguel de Oliveira Hudson Andrade dos Santos Letícia Gracielle Tôrres de Miranda Estevam Carine Rodrigues Pereira Anna Gabriela Guimarães Oliveira Mirella Lauria D’Elia Andreina de Carvalho Araujo Juliana Macedo Magnino Silva Preparing Collared Peccary (<i>Pecari tajacu</i> Linnaeus, 1758) for Reintroduction into the Wild: A Screening for Parasites and Hemopathogens of a Captive Population Pathogens parasite load captive breeding tayassuidae biodiversity conservation |
| title | Preparing Collared Peccary (<i>Pecari tajacu</i> Linnaeus, 1758) for Reintroduction into the Wild: A Screening for Parasites and Hemopathogens of a Captive Population |
| title_full | Preparing Collared Peccary (<i>Pecari tajacu</i> Linnaeus, 1758) for Reintroduction into the Wild: A Screening for Parasites and Hemopathogens of a Captive Population |
| title_fullStr | Preparing Collared Peccary (<i>Pecari tajacu</i> Linnaeus, 1758) for Reintroduction into the Wild: A Screening for Parasites and Hemopathogens of a Captive Population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preparing Collared Peccary (<i>Pecari tajacu</i> Linnaeus, 1758) for Reintroduction into the Wild: A Screening for Parasites and Hemopathogens of a Captive Population |
| title_short | Preparing Collared Peccary (<i>Pecari tajacu</i> Linnaeus, 1758) for Reintroduction into the Wild: A Screening for Parasites and Hemopathogens of a Captive Population |
| title_sort | preparing collared peccary i pecari tajacu i linnaeus 1758 for reintroduction into the wild a screening for parasites and hemopathogens of a captive population |
| topic | parasite load captive breeding tayassuidae biodiversity conservation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/1/47 |
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