Proteolysis, NaOH and Ultrasound-Enhanced Extraction of Anticoagulant and Antioxidant Sulfated Polysaccharides from the Edible Seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae
The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. The y...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2014-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/11/18511 |
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| author | Gabriel Pereira Fidelis Rafael Barros Gomes Camara Moacir Fernandes Queiroz Mariana Santana Santos Pereira Costa Pablo Castro Santos Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha Leandro Silva Costa |
| author_facet | Gabriel Pereira Fidelis Rafael Barros Gomes Camara Moacir Fernandes Queiroz Mariana Santana Santos Pereira Costa Pablo Castro Santos Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha Leandro Silva Costa |
| author_sort | Gabriel Pereira Fidelis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. The yield (g) increased in the following order: GB2sp > GB1sp > GB2s > GB1s > GB1. However, the amount of SP extracted increased in a different way: GB2sp > GB1 > GB1sp > GB1s > GB2s. Infrared and electrophoresis analysis showed that all conditions extracted the same SP. In addition, monosaccharide composition showed that ultrasound promotes the extraction of polysaccharides other than SP. In the prothrombin time (PT) test, which evaluates the extrinsic coagulation pathway, none of the samples showed anticoagulant activity. While in the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test, which evaluates the intrinsic coagulation pathway, all samples showed anticoagulant activity, except GB2s. The aPTT activity decreased in the order of GB1sp > GB2sp > GB1 > GB1s > GB2s. The total capacity antioxidant (TCA) of the SP was also affected by extraction condition, since GB2s and GB1 showed lower activity in comparison to the other conditions. In conclusion, the conditions of SP extraction influence their biological activities and chemical composition. The data revealed that NaOH/sonication/proteolysis was the best condition to extract anticoagulant and antioxidant SPs from Gracilaria birdiae. |
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| issn | 1420-3049 |
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| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T05:41:29Z |
| publishDate | 2014-11-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-5875649ea3bb4879a0c0d258c09a21202022-12-21T17:58:11ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492014-11-011911185111852610.3390/molecules191118511molecules191118511Proteolysis, NaOH and Ultrasound-Enhanced Extraction of Anticoagulant and Antioxidant Sulfated Polysaccharides from the Edible Seaweed, Gracilaria birdiaeGabriel Pereira Fidelis0Rafael Barros Gomes Camara1Moacir Fernandes Queiroz2Mariana Santana Santos Pereira Costa3Pablo Castro Santos4Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha5Leandro Silva Costa6Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN 59078-970, BrazilLaboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN 59078-970, BrazilLaboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN 59078-970, BrazilLaboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN 59078-970, BrazilLaboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN 59078-970, BrazilLaboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN 59078-970, BrazilLaboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN 59078-970, BrazilThe sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. The yield (g) increased in the following order: GB2sp > GB1sp > GB2s > GB1s > GB1. However, the amount of SP extracted increased in a different way: GB2sp > GB1 > GB1sp > GB1s > GB2s. Infrared and electrophoresis analysis showed that all conditions extracted the same SP. In addition, monosaccharide composition showed that ultrasound promotes the extraction of polysaccharides other than SP. In the prothrombin time (PT) test, which evaluates the extrinsic coagulation pathway, none of the samples showed anticoagulant activity. While in the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test, which evaluates the intrinsic coagulation pathway, all samples showed anticoagulant activity, except GB2s. The aPTT activity decreased in the order of GB1sp > GB2sp > GB1 > GB1s > GB2s. The total capacity antioxidant (TCA) of the SP was also affected by extraction condition, since GB2s and GB1 showed lower activity in comparison to the other conditions. In conclusion, the conditions of SP extraction influence their biological activities and chemical composition. The data revealed that NaOH/sonication/proteolysis was the best condition to extract anticoagulant and antioxidant SPs from Gracilaria birdiae.http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/11/18511aPTT assaytotal capacity antioxidantsonicationproteolysisred seaweed |
| spellingShingle | Gabriel Pereira Fidelis Rafael Barros Gomes Camara Moacir Fernandes Queiroz Mariana Santana Santos Pereira Costa Pablo Castro Santos Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha Leandro Silva Costa Proteolysis, NaOH and Ultrasound-Enhanced Extraction of Anticoagulant and Antioxidant Sulfated Polysaccharides from the Edible Seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae Molecules aPTT assay total capacity antioxidant sonication proteolysis red seaweed |
| title | Proteolysis, NaOH and Ultrasound-Enhanced Extraction of Anticoagulant and Antioxidant Sulfated Polysaccharides from the Edible Seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae |
| title_full | Proteolysis, NaOH and Ultrasound-Enhanced Extraction of Anticoagulant and Antioxidant Sulfated Polysaccharides from the Edible Seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae |
| title_fullStr | Proteolysis, NaOH and Ultrasound-Enhanced Extraction of Anticoagulant and Antioxidant Sulfated Polysaccharides from the Edible Seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Proteolysis, NaOH and Ultrasound-Enhanced Extraction of Anticoagulant and Antioxidant Sulfated Polysaccharides from the Edible Seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae |
| title_short | Proteolysis, NaOH and Ultrasound-Enhanced Extraction of Anticoagulant and Antioxidant Sulfated Polysaccharides from the Edible Seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae |
| title_sort | proteolysis naoh and ultrasound enhanced extraction of anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed gracilaria birdiae |
| topic | aPTT assay total capacity antioxidant sonication proteolysis red seaweed |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/11/18511 |
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