Legal assessment of ingrown horns and other horn-related anomalies in cattle and sheep
Cattle and sheep horns have the potential to grow in such a way that the horn bends toward the animal’s head and, if left untreated, may penetrate the skin, causing pressure, pain, and suffering. According to the Swedish Animal Welfare Act, animals must be looked after in a way that prevents ingrown...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Animal Welfare |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0962728624000058/type/journal_article |
| _version_ | 1797340346018955264 |
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| author | Johanna Andersson Johan Beck-Friis Sirkku Sarenbo |
| author_facet | Johanna Andersson Johan Beck-Friis Sirkku Sarenbo |
| author_sort | Johanna Andersson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cattle and sheep horns have the potential to grow in such a way that the horn bends toward the animal’s head and, if left untreated, may penetrate the skin, causing pressure, pain, and suffering. According to the Swedish Animal Welfare Act, animals must be looked after in a way that prevents ingrown horns; otherwise, the person responsible for the animal may be prosecuted. Here, we present a review of 32 legal cases that occurred in Sweden between 2008 and 2022 for which the charge involved horn-related anomalies in cattle or sheep. The aim being to investigate the nature of these horn-related anomalies and the circumstances under which they occur. Of the legal cases, 53% were discovered during official animal welfare control on farms and 44% at an abattoir during pre-slaughter inspection. These include extreme injuries, e.g. both horns penetrating the periosteum into the skull bone, or a horn penetrating into the eye or oral cavity. The reasons offered by the accused for failing to detect animals with horn-related anomalies included that the animal appeared normal, that it was long-haired, shy, or hard to reach, or that the horns had not undergone gradual growth but had accidentally or suddenly penetrated the skin. Overall, 81% of the cases led to convictions; however, none of these resulted in imprisonment. Reasons for acquittals included insufficient crime description or evidence as to how the horn-related anomaly occurred or of the animal being exposed to suffering. A number of recommendations are provided that could help limit the occurrence of ingrown horns. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:01:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5875ebc352ee4bf9afc3c5854dc2424d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0962-7286 2054-1538 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:01:47Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animal Welfare |
| spelling | doaj.art-5875ebc352ee4bf9afc3c5854dc2424d2024-01-29T09:42:37ZengCambridge University PressAnimal Welfare0962-72862054-15382024-01-013310.1017/awf.2024.5Legal assessment of ingrown horns and other horn-related anomalies in cattle and sheepJohanna Andersson0Johan Beck-Friis1Sirkku Sarenbo2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8098-8562Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, SwedenFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, SwedenFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, SwedenCattle and sheep horns have the potential to grow in such a way that the horn bends toward the animal’s head and, if left untreated, may penetrate the skin, causing pressure, pain, and suffering. According to the Swedish Animal Welfare Act, animals must be looked after in a way that prevents ingrown horns; otherwise, the person responsible for the animal may be prosecuted. Here, we present a review of 32 legal cases that occurred in Sweden between 2008 and 2022 for which the charge involved horn-related anomalies in cattle or sheep. The aim being to investigate the nature of these horn-related anomalies and the circumstances under which they occur. Of the legal cases, 53% were discovered during official animal welfare control on farms and 44% at an abattoir during pre-slaughter inspection. These include extreme injuries, e.g. both horns penetrating the periosteum into the skull bone, or a horn penetrating into the eye or oral cavity. The reasons offered by the accused for failing to detect animals with horn-related anomalies included that the animal appeared normal, that it was long-haired, shy, or hard to reach, or that the horns had not undergone gradual growth but had accidentally or suddenly penetrated the skin. Overall, 81% of the cases led to convictions; however, none of these resulted in imprisonment. Reasons for acquittals included insufficient crime description or evidence as to how the horn-related anomaly occurred or of the animal being exposed to suffering. A number of recommendations are provided that could help limit the occurrence of ingrown horns.https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0962728624000058/type/journal_articleanimal welfarecattlehorn overgrowthingrown hornssheepsuffering |
| spellingShingle | Johanna Andersson Johan Beck-Friis Sirkku Sarenbo Legal assessment of ingrown horns and other horn-related anomalies in cattle and sheep Animal Welfare animal welfare cattle horn overgrowth ingrown horns sheep suffering |
| title | Legal assessment of ingrown horns and other horn-related anomalies in cattle and sheep |
| title_full | Legal assessment of ingrown horns and other horn-related anomalies in cattle and sheep |
| title_fullStr | Legal assessment of ingrown horns and other horn-related anomalies in cattle and sheep |
| title_full_unstemmed | Legal assessment of ingrown horns and other horn-related anomalies in cattle and sheep |
| title_short | Legal assessment of ingrown horns and other horn-related anomalies in cattle and sheep |
| title_sort | legal assessment of ingrown horns and other horn related anomalies in cattle and sheep |
| topic | animal welfare cattle horn overgrowth ingrown horns sheep suffering |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0962728624000058/type/journal_article |
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