In situ physical and chemical characterisation of the Eyjafjallajökull aerosol plume in the free troposphere over Italy
Continuous measurements of physical and chemical properties at the Mt. Cimone (Italy) GAW-WMO (Global Atmosphere Watch, World Meteorological Organization) Global Station (2165 m a.s.l.) have allowed the detection of the volcanic aerosol plume resulting from the Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) eruption o...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2014-01-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/1075/2014/acp-14-1075-2014.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818132234448666624 |
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| author | S. Sandrini L. Giulianelli S. Decesari S. Fuzzi P. Cristofanelli A. Marinoni P. Bonasoni M. Chiari G. Calzolai S. Canepari C. Perrino M. C. Facchini |
| author_facet | S. Sandrini L. Giulianelli S. Decesari S. Fuzzi P. Cristofanelli A. Marinoni P. Bonasoni M. Chiari G. Calzolai S. Canepari C. Perrino M. C. Facchini |
| author_sort | S. Sandrini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Continuous measurements of physical and chemical properties at the Mt.
Cimone (Italy) GAW-WMO (Global Atmosphere Watch, World Meteorological
Organization) Global Station (2165 m a.s.l.) have allowed the detection of the
volcanic aerosol plume resulting from the Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) eruption of
spring 2010. The event affected the Mt. Cimone site after a transport over a distance
of more than 3000 km. Two main transport episodes were detected during the
eruption period, showing a volcanic fingerprint discernible against the free
tropospheric background conditions typical of the site, the first from April
19 to 21 and the second from 18 to 20 May 2010. This paper reports the
modification of aerosol characteristics observed during the two episodes,
both characterised by an abrupt increase in fine and, especially, coarse
mode particle number.
<br><br>
Analysis of major, minor and trace elements by different analytical
techniques (ionic chromatography, particle induced X-ray emission–particle
induced gamma-ray emission (PIXE–PIGE) and inductively
coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)) were performed on
aerosols collected by ground-level discrete sampling. The resulting database
allows the characterisation of aerosol chemical composition during the
volcanic plume transport and in background conditions. During the passage of
the volcanic plume, the fine fraction was dominated by sulphates, denoting
the secondary origin of this mode, mainly resulting from in-plume oxidation
of volcanic SO<sub>2</sub>. By contrast, the coarse fraction was characterised by
increased concentration of numerous elements of crustal origin, such as Fe,
Ti, Mn, Ca, Na, and Mg, which enter the composition of silicate minerals.
Data analysis of selected elements (Ti, Al, Fe, Mn) allowed the estimation
of the volcanic plume's contribution to total PM<sub>10</sub>, resulting in a local
enhancement of up to 9.5 μg m<sup>−3</sup>, i.e. 40% of total PM<sub>10</sub> on
18 May, which was the most intense of the two episodes. These results appear
significant, especially in light of the huge distance of Mt. Cimone from
the source, confirming the widespread diffusion of the Eyjafjallajökull
ashes over Europe. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T08:33:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-587e91110d964273b4c423b99b4bd6de |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T08:33:35Z |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-587e91110d964273b4c423b99b4bd6de2022-12-22T01:14:23ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242014-01-011421075109210.5194/acp-14-1075-2014In situ physical and chemical characterisation of the Eyjafjallajökull aerosol plume in the free troposphere over ItalyS. Sandrini0L. Giulianelli1S. Decesari2S. Fuzzi3P. Cristofanelli4A. Marinoni5P. Bonasoni6M. Chiari7G. Calzolai8S. Canepari9C. Perrino10M. C. Facchini11Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Bologna, 40129, ItalyInstitute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Bologna, 40129, ItalyInstitute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Bologna, 40129, ItalyInstitute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Bologna, 40129, ItalyInstitute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Bologna, 40129, ItalyInstitute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Bologna, 40129, ItalyInstitute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Bologna, 40129, ItalyItalian National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Florence section, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, ItalyItalian National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Florence section, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, ItalyUniversity of Rome "La Sapienza", Chemistry Department, Rome, 00185, ItalyC.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution, Monterotondo St., Rome, 00015, ItalyInstitute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Bologna, 40129, ItalyContinuous measurements of physical and chemical properties at the Mt. Cimone (Italy) GAW-WMO (Global Atmosphere Watch, World Meteorological Organization) Global Station (2165 m a.s.l.) have allowed the detection of the volcanic aerosol plume resulting from the Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) eruption of spring 2010. The event affected the Mt. Cimone site after a transport over a distance of more than 3000 km. Two main transport episodes were detected during the eruption period, showing a volcanic fingerprint discernible against the free tropospheric background conditions typical of the site, the first from April 19 to 21 and the second from 18 to 20 May 2010. This paper reports the modification of aerosol characteristics observed during the two episodes, both characterised by an abrupt increase in fine and, especially, coarse mode particle number. <br><br> Analysis of major, minor and trace elements by different analytical techniques (ionic chromatography, particle induced X-ray emission–particle induced gamma-ray emission (PIXE–PIGE) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)) were performed on aerosols collected by ground-level discrete sampling. The resulting database allows the characterisation of aerosol chemical composition during the volcanic plume transport and in background conditions. During the passage of the volcanic plume, the fine fraction was dominated by sulphates, denoting the secondary origin of this mode, mainly resulting from in-plume oxidation of volcanic SO<sub>2</sub>. By contrast, the coarse fraction was characterised by increased concentration of numerous elements of crustal origin, such as Fe, Ti, Mn, Ca, Na, and Mg, which enter the composition of silicate minerals. Data analysis of selected elements (Ti, Al, Fe, Mn) allowed the estimation of the volcanic plume's contribution to total PM<sub>10</sub>, resulting in a local enhancement of up to 9.5 μg m<sup>−3</sup>, i.e. 40% of total PM<sub>10</sub> on 18 May, which was the most intense of the two episodes. These results appear significant, especially in light of the huge distance of Mt. Cimone from the source, confirming the widespread diffusion of the Eyjafjallajökull ashes over Europe.http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/1075/2014/acp-14-1075-2014.pdf |
| spellingShingle | S. Sandrini L. Giulianelli S. Decesari S. Fuzzi P. Cristofanelli A. Marinoni P. Bonasoni M. Chiari G. Calzolai S. Canepari C. Perrino M. C. Facchini In situ physical and chemical characterisation of the Eyjafjallajökull aerosol plume in the free troposphere over Italy Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | In situ physical and chemical characterisation of the Eyjafjallajökull aerosol plume in the free troposphere over Italy |
| title_full | In situ physical and chemical characterisation of the Eyjafjallajökull aerosol plume in the free troposphere over Italy |
| title_fullStr | In situ physical and chemical characterisation of the Eyjafjallajökull aerosol plume in the free troposphere over Italy |
| title_full_unstemmed | In situ physical and chemical characterisation of the Eyjafjallajökull aerosol plume in the free troposphere over Italy |
| title_short | In situ physical and chemical characterisation of the Eyjafjallajökull aerosol plume in the free troposphere over Italy |
| title_sort | in situ physical and chemical characterisation of the eyjafjallajokull aerosol plume in the free troposphere over italy |
| url | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/1075/2014/acp-14-1075-2014.pdf |
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