First Report of Herbicide-Resistant <i>Echinochloa crus</i>-<i>galli</i> in Uruguayan Rice Fields
<i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i> is the main weed in direct dry-seeded rice systems worldwide and is the target of most herbicide applications. Numerous cases of <i>E. crus-galli</i> biotypes with resistance to herbicides have been reported in different regions of the world; how...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-11-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/9/12/790 |
| _version_ | 1818461570619932672 |
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| author | Claudia Marchesi Nestor E. Saldain |
| author_facet | Claudia Marchesi Nestor E. Saldain |
| author_sort | Claudia Marchesi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i> is the main weed in direct dry-seeded rice systems worldwide and is the target of most herbicide applications. Numerous cases of <i>E. crus-galli</i> biotypes with resistance to herbicides have been reported in different regions of the world; however, to date, no cases have been reported in Uruguay. The purpose of this research is to assess the presence of herbicide-resistant <i>E. crus-galli</i> in the rice fields of Uruguay. More than 40 <i>E. crus-galli</i> biotypes were sampled from eastern to northern regions in different years and assessed following the Herbicide Resistance Action Committee (HRAC) protocols of confirmation, using the herbicides propanil, quinclorac, clomazone, bispyribac−sodium, penoxsulam, imazapyr + imazapic, profoxidim and cyhalofop. Herbicides rates included 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4 and 8 times the label rate. Most <i>E. crus-galli</i> biotypes (35) resulted as resistant to quinclorac. Furthermore, resistance was confirmed to propanil in at least seven biotypes, 12 to imazapyr + imazapic, and three to penoxsulam. Five biotypes showed multiple resistance to propanil and quinclorac, and one biotype was resistant to quinclorac, penoxsulam and imazapyr + imazapic. No biotype showed confirmed resistance to clomazone, bispyribac-sodium, cyhalofop or profoxidim—herbicides that ensure satisfactory control. The presence of <i>E. crus-galli</i> herbicide resistant-biotypes reduces herbicide options, threatening rice production in Uruguay. In this context, a redesign of the productive systems would represent an opportunity to complement the chemical control, integrating larger-scale cultural and management practices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T23:48:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5880b776446e42e29a8439c5fe48d353 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T23:48:15Z |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-5880b776446e42e29a8439c5fe48d3532022-12-21T22:43:20ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952019-11-0191279010.3390/agronomy9120790agronomy9120790First Report of Herbicide-Resistant <i>Echinochloa crus</i>-<i>galli</i> in Uruguayan Rice FieldsClaudia Marchesi0Nestor E. Saldain1Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Programa Producción de Arroz, Estación Experimental INIA Tacuarembó, Ruta 5 Km 386, 45000 Tacuarembó, UruguayInstituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Programa Producción de Arroz, Estación Experimental INIA Treinta y Tres, Ruta 8 Km 28, 33000 Treinta y Tres, Uruguay<i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i> is the main weed in direct dry-seeded rice systems worldwide and is the target of most herbicide applications. Numerous cases of <i>E. crus-galli</i> biotypes with resistance to herbicides have been reported in different regions of the world; however, to date, no cases have been reported in Uruguay. The purpose of this research is to assess the presence of herbicide-resistant <i>E. crus-galli</i> in the rice fields of Uruguay. More than 40 <i>E. crus-galli</i> biotypes were sampled from eastern to northern regions in different years and assessed following the Herbicide Resistance Action Committee (HRAC) protocols of confirmation, using the herbicides propanil, quinclorac, clomazone, bispyribac−sodium, penoxsulam, imazapyr + imazapic, profoxidim and cyhalofop. Herbicides rates included 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4 and 8 times the label rate. Most <i>E. crus-galli</i> biotypes (35) resulted as resistant to quinclorac. Furthermore, resistance was confirmed to propanil in at least seven biotypes, 12 to imazapyr + imazapic, and three to penoxsulam. Five biotypes showed multiple resistance to propanil and quinclorac, and one biotype was resistant to quinclorac, penoxsulam and imazapyr + imazapic. No biotype showed confirmed resistance to clomazone, bispyribac-sodium, cyhalofop or profoxidim—herbicides that ensure satisfactory control. The presence of <i>E. crus-galli</i> herbicide resistant-biotypes reduces herbicide options, threatening rice production in Uruguay. In this context, a redesign of the productive systems would represent an opportunity to complement the chemical control, integrating larger-scale cultural and management practices.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/9/12/790barnyardgrasspropanilquincloracpenoxsulamimazapyr + imazapic |
| spellingShingle | Claudia Marchesi Nestor E. Saldain First Report of Herbicide-Resistant <i>Echinochloa crus</i>-<i>galli</i> in Uruguayan Rice Fields Agronomy barnyardgrass propanil quinclorac penoxsulam imazapyr + imazapic |
| title | First Report of Herbicide-Resistant <i>Echinochloa crus</i>-<i>galli</i> in Uruguayan Rice Fields |
| title_full | First Report of Herbicide-Resistant <i>Echinochloa crus</i>-<i>galli</i> in Uruguayan Rice Fields |
| title_fullStr | First Report of Herbicide-Resistant <i>Echinochloa crus</i>-<i>galli</i> in Uruguayan Rice Fields |
| title_full_unstemmed | First Report of Herbicide-Resistant <i>Echinochloa crus</i>-<i>galli</i> in Uruguayan Rice Fields |
| title_short | First Report of Herbicide-Resistant <i>Echinochloa crus</i>-<i>galli</i> in Uruguayan Rice Fields |
| title_sort | first report of herbicide resistant i echinochloa crus i i galli i in uruguayan rice fields |
| topic | barnyardgrass propanil quinclorac penoxsulam imazapyr + imazapic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/9/12/790 |
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