<i>Drosophila suzukii</i> Susceptibility to the Oral Administration of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>, <i>Xenorhabdus nematophila</i> and Its Secondary Metabolites
<i>Drosophila suzukii</i>, Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD), is a serious economic issue for thin-skinned fruit farmers. The invasion of this dipteran is mainly counteracted by chemical control methods; however, it would be desirable to replace them with biological control. All assays were...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/7/635 |
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| author | Maristella Mastore Sara Caramella Silvia Quadroni Maurizio Francesco Brivio |
| author_facet | Maristella Mastore Sara Caramella Silvia Quadroni Maurizio Francesco Brivio |
| author_sort | Maristella Mastore |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Drosophila suzukii</i>, Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD), is a serious economic issue for thin-skinned fruit farmers. The invasion of this dipteran is mainly counteracted by chemical control methods; however, it would be desirable to replace them with biological control. All assays were performed with <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (Bt), <i>Xenorhabdus nematophila</i> (Xn), and Xn secretions, administered orally in single or combination, then larval lethality was assessed at different times. Gut damage caused by Bt and the influence on Xn into the hemocoelic cavity was also evaluated. In addition, the hemolymph cell population was analyzed after treatments. The data obtained show that the combined use of Bt plus Xn secretions on larvae, compared to single administration of bacteria, significantly improved the efficacy and reduced the time of treatments. The results confirm the destructive action of Bt on the gut of SWD larvae, and that Bt-induced alteration promotes the passage of Xn to the hemocoel cavity. Furthermore, hemocytes decrease after bioinsecticides treatments. Our study demonstrates that combining bioinsecticides can improve the efficacy of biocontrol and such combinations should be tested in greenhouse and in field in the near future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:36:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5885094602fe41959f9ce57c294c006d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:36:13Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-5885094602fe41959f9ce57c294c006d2023-11-22T04:04:44ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502021-07-0112763510.3390/insects12070635<i>Drosophila suzukii</i> Susceptibility to the Oral Administration of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>, <i>Xenorhabdus nematophila</i> and Its Secondary MetabolitesMaristella Mastore0Sara Caramella1Silvia Quadroni2Maurizio Francesco Brivio3Laboratory of Comparative Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, ItalyLaboratory of Comparative Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, ItalyLaboratory of Ecology, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, ItalyLaboratory of Comparative Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy<i>Drosophila suzukii</i>, Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD), is a serious economic issue for thin-skinned fruit farmers. The invasion of this dipteran is mainly counteracted by chemical control methods; however, it would be desirable to replace them with biological control. All assays were performed with <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (Bt), <i>Xenorhabdus nematophila</i> (Xn), and Xn secretions, administered orally in single or combination, then larval lethality was assessed at different times. Gut damage caused by Bt and the influence on Xn into the hemocoelic cavity was also evaluated. In addition, the hemolymph cell population was analyzed after treatments. The data obtained show that the combined use of Bt plus Xn secretions on larvae, compared to single administration of bacteria, significantly improved the efficacy and reduced the time of treatments. The results confirm the destructive action of Bt on the gut of SWD larvae, and that Bt-induced alteration promotes the passage of Xn to the hemocoel cavity. Furthermore, hemocytes decrease after bioinsecticides treatments. Our study demonstrates that combining bioinsecticides can improve the efficacy of biocontrol and such combinations should be tested in greenhouse and in field in the near future.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/7/635<i>Drosophila suzukii</i>biological control<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>Xenorhabdus nematophilasecondary metabolitessecretion |
| spellingShingle | Maristella Mastore Sara Caramella Silvia Quadroni Maurizio Francesco Brivio <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> Susceptibility to the Oral Administration of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>, <i>Xenorhabdus nematophila</i> and Its Secondary Metabolites Insects <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> biological control <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Xenorhabdus nematophila secondary metabolites secretion |
| title | <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> Susceptibility to the Oral Administration of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>, <i>Xenorhabdus nematophila</i> and Its Secondary Metabolites |
| title_full | <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> Susceptibility to the Oral Administration of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>, <i>Xenorhabdus nematophila</i> and Its Secondary Metabolites |
| title_fullStr | <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> Susceptibility to the Oral Administration of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>, <i>Xenorhabdus nematophila</i> and Its Secondary Metabolites |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> Susceptibility to the Oral Administration of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>, <i>Xenorhabdus nematophila</i> and Its Secondary Metabolites |
| title_short | <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> Susceptibility to the Oral Administration of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>, <i>Xenorhabdus nematophila</i> and Its Secondary Metabolites |
| title_sort | i drosophila suzukii i susceptibility to the oral administration of i bacillus thuringiensis i i xenorhabdus nematophila i and its secondary metabolites |
| topic | <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> biological control <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Xenorhabdus nematophila secondary metabolites secretion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/7/635 |
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