Diversified Stimuli-Induced Inflammatory Pathways Cause Skin Pigmentation
The production of melanin pigments by melanocytes and their quantity, quality, and distribution play a decisive role in determining human skin, eye, and hair color, and protect the skin from adverse effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and oxidative stress from various environmental pollutants. Me...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-04-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/8/3970 |
| _version_ | 1797537985956151296 |
|---|---|
| author | Md Razib Hossain Tuba M. Ansary Mayumi Komine Mamitaro Ohtsuki |
| author_facet | Md Razib Hossain Tuba M. Ansary Mayumi Komine Mamitaro Ohtsuki |
| author_sort | Md Razib Hossain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The production of melanin pigments by melanocytes and their quantity, quality, and distribution play a decisive role in determining human skin, eye, and hair color, and protect the skin from adverse effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and oxidative stress from various environmental pollutants. Melanocytes reside in the basal layer of the interfollicular epidermis and are compensated by melanocyte stem cells in the follicular bulge area. Various stimuli such as eczema, microbial infection, ultraviolet light exposure, mechanical injury, and aging provoke skin inflammation. These acute or chronic inflammatory responses cause inflammatory cytokine production from epidermal keratinocytes as well as dermal fibroblasts and other cells, which in turn stimulate melanocytes, often resulting in skin pigmentation. It is confirmed by some recent studies that several interleukins (ILs) and other inflammatory mediators modulate the proliferation and differentiation of human epidermal melanocytes and also promote or inhibit expression of melanogenesis-related gene expression directly or indirectly, thereby participating in regulation of skin pigmentation. Understanding of mechanisms of skin pigmentation due to inflammation helps to elucidate the relationship between inflammation and skin pigmentation regulation and can guide development of new therapeutic pathways for treating pigmented dermatosis. This review covers the mechanistic aspects of skin pigmentation caused by inflammation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:24:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-588c590f60394fec87ca3e598291e62f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:24:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-588c590f60394fec87ca3e598291e62f2023-11-21T15:11:57ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-04-01228397010.3390/ijms22083970Diversified Stimuli-Induced Inflammatory Pathways Cause Skin PigmentationMd Razib Hossain0Tuba M. Ansary1Mayumi Komine2Mamitaro Ohtsuki3Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, JapanDepartment of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, JapanDepartment of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, JapanDepartment of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, JapanThe production of melanin pigments by melanocytes and their quantity, quality, and distribution play a decisive role in determining human skin, eye, and hair color, and protect the skin from adverse effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and oxidative stress from various environmental pollutants. Melanocytes reside in the basal layer of the interfollicular epidermis and are compensated by melanocyte stem cells in the follicular bulge area. Various stimuli such as eczema, microbial infection, ultraviolet light exposure, mechanical injury, and aging provoke skin inflammation. These acute or chronic inflammatory responses cause inflammatory cytokine production from epidermal keratinocytes as well as dermal fibroblasts and other cells, which in turn stimulate melanocytes, often resulting in skin pigmentation. It is confirmed by some recent studies that several interleukins (ILs) and other inflammatory mediators modulate the proliferation and differentiation of human epidermal melanocytes and also promote or inhibit expression of melanogenesis-related gene expression directly or indirectly, thereby participating in regulation of skin pigmentation. Understanding of mechanisms of skin pigmentation due to inflammation helps to elucidate the relationship between inflammation and skin pigmentation regulation and can guide development of new therapeutic pathways for treating pigmented dermatosis. This review covers the mechanistic aspects of skin pigmentation caused by inflammation.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/8/3970melanosomemelanocytesmelanogenesisskin pigmentationinflammationinflammatory cytokine |
| spellingShingle | Md Razib Hossain Tuba M. Ansary Mayumi Komine Mamitaro Ohtsuki Diversified Stimuli-Induced Inflammatory Pathways Cause Skin Pigmentation International Journal of Molecular Sciences melanosome melanocytes melanogenesis skin pigmentation inflammation inflammatory cytokine |
| title | Diversified Stimuli-Induced Inflammatory Pathways Cause Skin Pigmentation |
| title_full | Diversified Stimuli-Induced Inflammatory Pathways Cause Skin Pigmentation |
| title_fullStr | Diversified Stimuli-Induced Inflammatory Pathways Cause Skin Pigmentation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diversified Stimuli-Induced Inflammatory Pathways Cause Skin Pigmentation |
| title_short | Diversified Stimuli-Induced Inflammatory Pathways Cause Skin Pigmentation |
| title_sort | diversified stimuli induced inflammatory pathways cause skin pigmentation |
| topic | melanosome melanocytes melanogenesis skin pigmentation inflammation inflammatory cytokine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/8/3970 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mdrazibhossain diversifiedstimuliinducedinflammatorypathwayscauseskinpigmentation AT tubamansary diversifiedstimuliinducedinflammatorypathwayscauseskinpigmentation AT mayumikomine diversifiedstimuliinducedinflammatorypathwayscauseskinpigmentation AT mamitaroohtsuki diversifiedstimuliinducedinflammatorypathwayscauseskinpigmentation |