Modelling the Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PST) at Different Scales: Implications for Research and Management
Harmful algal blooms, in particular recurrent blooms of the dinoflagellate <i>Alexandrium catenella</i>, associated with paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), frequently limit commercial shellfish harvests, resulting in serious socio-economic consequences. Although the PSP-inducing specie...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/11/786 |
| _version_ | 1797463884147195904 |
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| author | Patricio A. Díaz Carlos Molinet Miriam Seguel Edwin J. Niklitschek Manuel Díaz Gonzalo Álvarez Iván Pérez-Santos Daniel Varela Leonardo Guzmán Camilo Rodríguez-Villegas Rosa I. Figueroa |
| author_facet | Patricio A. Díaz Carlos Molinet Miriam Seguel Edwin J. Niklitschek Manuel Díaz Gonzalo Álvarez Iván Pérez-Santos Daniel Varela Leonardo Guzmán Camilo Rodríguez-Villegas Rosa I. Figueroa |
| author_sort | Patricio A. Díaz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Harmful algal blooms, in particular recurrent blooms of the dinoflagellate <i>Alexandrium catenella</i>, associated with paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), frequently limit commercial shellfish harvests, resulting in serious socio-economic consequences. Although the PSP-inducing species that threaten the most vulnerable commercial species of shellfish are very patchy and spatially heterogeneous in their distribution, the spatial and temporal scales of their effects have largely been ignored in monitoring programs and by researchers. In this study, we examined the spatial and temporal dynamics of PSP toxicity in the clam (<i>Ameghinomya antiqua</i>) in two fishing grounds in southern Chile (Ovalada Island and Low Bay). During the summer of 2009, both were affected by an intense toxic bloom of <i>A. catenella</i> (up to 1.1 × 10<sup>6</sup> cells L<sup>−1</sup>). Generalized linear models were used to assess the potential influence of different environmental variables on the field detoxification rates of PSP toxins over a period of 12 months. This was achieved using a four parameter exponential decay model to fit and compare field detoxification rates per sampling site. The results show differences in the spatial variability and temporal dynamics of PSP toxicity, given that greater toxicities (+10-fold) and faster detoxification (20% faster) are observed at the Ovalada Island site, the less oceanic zone, and where higher amounts of clam are annually produced. Our observations support the relevance of considering different spatial and temporal scales to obtain more accurate assessments of PSP accumulation and detoxification dynamics and to improve the efficacy of fisheries management after toxic events. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:57:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-58a8b55c1f924fbaaed1b316a8b26756 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:57:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-58a8b55c1f924fbaaed1b316a8b267562023-11-24T10:15:11ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512022-11-01141178610.3390/toxins14110786Modelling the Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PST) at Different Scales: Implications for Research and ManagementPatricio A. Díaz0Carlos Molinet1Miriam Seguel2Edwin J. Niklitschek3Manuel Díaz4Gonzalo Álvarez5Iván Pérez-Santos6Daniel Varela7Leonardo Guzmán8Camilo Rodríguez-Villegas9Rosa I. Figueroa10Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt 5290000, ChilePrograma de Investigación Pesquera, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt 5489001, ChileCentro Regional de Análisis de Recursos y Medio Ambiente (CERAM), Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt 5110566, ChileCentro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt 5290000, ChilePrograma de Investigación Pesquera, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt 5489001, ChileFacultad de Ciencias del Mar, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo 1780000, ChileCentro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt 5290000, ChileCentro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt 5290000, ChileCentro de Estudios de Algas Nocivas (CREAN), Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Puerto Montt 5480000, ChileCentro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt 5290000, ChileCentro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, SpainHarmful algal blooms, in particular recurrent blooms of the dinoflagellate <i>Alexandrium catenella</i>, associated with paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), frequently limit commercial shellfish harvests, resulting in serious socio-economic consequences. Although the PSP-inducing species that threaten the most vulnerable commercial species of shellfish are very patchy and spatially heterogeneous in their distribution, the spatial and temporal scales of their effects have largely been ignored in monitoring programs and by researchers. In this study, we examined the spatial and temporal dynamics of PSP toxicity in the clam (<i>Ameghinomya antiqua</i>) in two fishing grounds in southern Chile (Ovalada Island and Low Bay). During the summer of 2009, both were affected by an intense toxic bloom of <i>A. catenella</i> (up to 1.1 × 10<sup>6</sup> cells L<sup>−1</sup>). Generalized linear models were used to assess the potential influence of different environmental variables on the field detoxification rates of PSP toxins over a period of 12 months. This was achieved using a four parameter exponential decay model to fit and compare field detoxification rates per sampling site. The results show differences in the spatial variability and temporal dynamics of PSP toxicity, given that greater toxicities (+10-fold) and faster detoxification (20% faster) are observed at the Ovalada Island site, the less oceanic zone, and where higher amounts of clam are annually produced. Our observations support the relevance of considering different spatial and temporal scales to obtain more accurate assessments of PSP accumulation and detoxification dynamics and to improve the efficacy of fisheries management after toxic events.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/11/786<i>Alexandrium catenella</i>paralytic shellfish toxins (PST)paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP)detoxification dynamicsspatial scalesChilean fjords |
| spellingShingle | Patricio A. Díaz Carlos Molinet Miriam Seguel Edwin J. Niklitschek Manuel Díaz Gonzalo Álvarez Iván Pérez-Santos Daniel Varela Leonardo Guzmán Camilo Rodríguez-Villegas Rosa I. Figueroa Modelling the Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PST) at Different Scales: Implications for Research and Management Toxins <i>Alexandrium catenella</i> paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) detoxification dynamics spatial scales Chilean fjords |
| title | Modelling the Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PST) at Different Scales: Implications for Research and Management |
| title_full | Modelling the Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PST) at Different Scales: Implications for Research and Management |
| title_fullStr | Modelling the Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PST) at Different Scales: Implications for Research and Management |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modelling the Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PST) at Different Scales: Implications for Research and Management |
| title_short | Modelling the Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PST) at Different Scales: Implications for Research and Management |
| title_sort | modelling the spatial and temporal dynamics of paralytic shellfish toxins pst at different scales implications for research and management |
| topic | <i>Alexandrium catenella</i> paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) detoxification dynamics spatial scales Chilean fjords |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/11/786 |
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