High Iron Exposure from the Fetal Stage to Adulthood in Mice Alters Lipid Metabolism
Iron supplementation is recommended during pregnancy and fetal growth. However, excess iron exposure may increase the risk of abnormal fetal development. We investigated the potential side effects of high iron levels in fetuses and through their adult life. C57BL/6J pregnant mice from 2 weeks of ges...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/12/2451 |
| _version_ | 1797483666198233088 |
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| author | Minju Kim Yeon-hee Kim Sohyun Min Seung-Min Lee |
| author_facet | Minju Kim Yeon-hee Kim Sohyun Min Seung-Min Lee |
| author_sort | Minju Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Iron supplementation is recommended during pregnancy and fetal growth. However, excess iron exposure may increase the risk of abnormal fetal development. We investigated the potential side effects of high iron levels in fetuses and through their adult life. C57BL/6J pregnant mice from 2 weeks of gestation and their offspring until 30 weeks were fed a control (CTRL, FeSO<sub>4</sub> 0 g/1 kg) or high iron (HFe, FeSO<sub>4</sub> 9.9 g/1 kg) diets. HFe group showed higher iron accumulation in the liver with increased hepcidin, reduced TfR1/2 mRNAs, and lowered ferritin heavy chain (FTH) proteins in both liver and adipose tissues despite iron loading. HFe decreased body weight, fat weight, adipocyte size, and triglyceride levels in the blood and fat, along with downregulation of lipogenesis genes, including PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP1c, FASN, and SCD1, and fatty acid uptake and oxidation genes, such as CD36 and PPARα. UCP2, adiponectin, and mRNA levels of antioxidant genes such as GPX4, HO-1, and NQO1 were increased in the HFe group, while total glutathione was reduced. We conclude that prolonged exposure to high iron from the fetal stage to adulthood may decrease fat accumulation by altering ferritin expression, adipocyte differentiation, and triglyceride metabolism, resulting in an alteration in normal growth. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:50:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-58ada3b71a624b18aeb93f6cf175eb88 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:50:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-58ada3b71a624b18aeb93f6cf175eb882023-11-23T18:21:20ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-06-011412245110.3390/nu14122451High Iron Exposure from the Fetal Stage to Adulthood in Mice Alters Lipid MetabolismMinju Kim0Yeon-hee Kim1Sohyun Min2Seung-Min Lee3Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 FOUR Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, BK21 FOUR Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, BK21 FOUR Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, BK21 FOUR Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, KoreaIron supplementation is recommended during pregnancy and fetal growth. However, excess iron exposure may increase the risk of abnormal fetal development. We investigated the potential side effects of high iron levels in fetuses and through their adult life. C57BL/6J pregnant mice from 2 weeks of gestation and their offspring until 30 weeks were fed a control (CTRL, FeSO<sub>4</sub> 0 g/1 kg) or high iron (HFe, FeSO<sub>4</sub> 9.9 g/1 kg) diets. HFe group showed higher iron accumulation in the liver with increased hepcidin, reduced TfR1/2 mRNAs, and lowered ferritin heavy chain (FTH) proteins in both liver and adipose tissues despite iron loading. HFe decreased body weight, fat weight, adipocyte size, and triglyceride levels in the blood and fat, along with downregulation of lipogenesis genes, including PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP1c, FASN, and SCD1, and fatty acid uptake and oxidation genes, such as CD36 and PPARα. UCP2, adiponectin, and mRNA levels of antioxidant genes such as GPX4, HO-1, and NQO1 were increased in the HFe group, while total glutathione was reduced. We conclude that prolonged exposure to high iron from the fetal stage to adulthood may decrease fat accumulation by altering ferritin expression, adipocyte differentiation, and triglyceride metabolism, resulting in an alteration in normal growth.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/12/2451high dietary irondietary iron intakehigh iron exposurematernal iron statusferritin heavy chainiron homeostasis |
| spellingShingle | Minju Kim Yeon-hee Kim Sohyun Min Seung-Min Lee High Iron Exposure from the Fetal Stage to Adulthood in Mice Alters Lipid Metabolism Nutrients high dietary iron dietary iron intake high iron exposure maternal iron status ferritin heavy chain iron homeostasis |
| title | High Iron Exposure from the Fetal Stage to Adulthood in Mice Alters Lipid Metabolism |
| title_full | High Iron Exposure from the Fetal Stage to Adulthood in Mice Alters Lipid Metabolism |
| title_fullStr | High Iron Exposure from the Fetal Stage to Adulthood in Mice Alters Lipid Metabolism |
| title_full_unstemmed | High Iron Exposure from the Fetal Stage to Adulthood in Mice Alters Lipid Metabolism |
| title_short | High Iron Exposure from the Fetal Stage to Adulthood in Mice Alters Lipid Metabolism |
| title_sort | high iron exposure from the fetal stage to adulthood in mice alters lipid metabolism |
| topic | high dietary iron dietary iron intake high iron exposure maternal iron status ferritin heavy chain iron homeostasis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/12/2451 |
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