Rapid and Simultaneous Determination of Free Aromatic Carboxylic Acids and Phenols in Commercial Juices by GC-MS after Ethyl Chloroformate Derivatization
Natural phenol and phenolic acids are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and the major dietary sources include fruits and beverages derived therefrom. Over the past decades, these compounds have been widely investigated for their beneficial effects on human health and, at the same time, several...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| author | Alessio Incocciati Elisa Di Fabio Alberto Boffi Alessandra Bonamore Alberto Macone |
| author_facet | Alessio Incocciati Elisa Di Fabio Alberto Boffi Alessandra Bonamore Alberto Macone |
| author_sort | Alessio Incocciati |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Natural phenol and phenolic acids are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and the major dietary sources include fruits and beverages derived therefrom. Over the past decades, these compounds have been widely investigated for their beneficial effects on human health and, at the same time, several analytical methods have been developed for their determination in these matrices. In the present paper, 19 different aromatic carboxylic acids and phenols were characterized by GC-MS using ethyl chloroformate as the derivatizing agent. This procedure occurs quickly at room temperature and takes place in aqueous media simultaneously with the extraction step in the presence of ethanol using pyridine as a catalyst. The analytical method herein developed and validated presents excellent linearity in a wide concentration range (25–3000 ng/mL), low LOQ (in the range 25–100 ng/mL) and LOD (in the range 12.5–50 ng/mL), and good accuracy and precision. As a proof of concept, ethyl chloroformate derivatization was successfully applied to the analysis of a selection of commercial fruit juices (berries, grape, apple, pomegranate) particularly rich in phenolic compounds. Some of these juices are made up of a single fruit, whereas others are blends of several fruits. Our results show that among the juices analyzed, those containing cranberry have a total concentration of the free aromatic carboxylic acids and phenols tested up to 15 times higher than other juices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:32:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-58bb0484dbc743af98b4c08c9b4b5ffe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-8739 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:32:25Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj.art-58bb0484dbc743af98b4c08c9b4b5ffe2023-11-23T15:23:12ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392021-12-0191910.3390/separations9010009Rapid and Simultaneous Determination of Free Aromatic Carboxylic Acids and Phenols in Commercial Juices by GC-MS after Ethyl Chloroformate DerivatizationAlessio Incocciati0Elisa Di Fabio1Alberto Boffi2Alessandra Bonamore3Alberto Macone4Department of Biochemical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Biochemical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Biochemical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Biochemical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Biochemical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyNatural phenol and phenolic acids are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and the major dietary sources include fruits and beverages derived therefrom. Over the past decades, these compounds have been widely investigated for their beneficial effects on human health and, at the same time, several analytical methods have been developed for their determination in these matrices. In the present paper, 19 different aromatic carboxylic acids and phenols were characterized by GC-MS using ethyl chloroformate as the derivatizing agent. This procedure occurs quickly at room temperature and takes place in aqueous media simultaneously with the extraction step in the presence of ethanol using pyridine as a catalyst. The analytical method herein developed and validated presents excellent linearity in a wide concentration range (25–3000 ng/mL), low LOQ (in the range 25–100 ng/mL) and LOD (in the range 12.5–50 ng/mL), and good accuracy and precision. As a proof of concept, ethyl chloroformate derivatization was successfully applied to the analysis of a selection of commercial fruit juices (berries, grape, apple, pomegranate) particularly rich in phenolic compounds. Some of these juices are made up of a single fruit, whereas others are blends of several fruits. Our results show that among the juices analyzed, those containing cranberry have a total concentration of the free aromatic carboxylic acids and phenols tested up to 15 times higher than other juices.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/9/1/9phenolic acidsbenzoic acidsphenolsethyl chloroformateGC-MSfruit juices |
| spellingShingle | Alessio Incocciati Elisa Di Fabio Alberto Boffi Alessandra Bonamore Alberto Macone Rapid and Simultaneous Determination of Free Aromatic Carboxylic Acids and Phenols in Commercial Juices by GC-MS after Ethyl Chloroformate Derivatization Separations phenolic acids benzoic acids phenols ethyl chloroformate GC-MS fruit juices |
| title | Rapid and Simultaneous Determination of Free Aromatic Carboxylic Acids and Phenols in Commercial Juices by GC-MS after Ethyl Chloroformate Derivatization |
| title_full | Rapid and Simultaneous Determination of Free Aromatic Carboxylic Acids and Phenols in Commercial Juices by GC-MS after Ethyl Chloroformate Derivatization |
| title_fullStr | Rapid and Simultaneous Determination of Free Aromatic Carboxylic Acids and Phenols in Commercial Juices by GC-MS after Ethyl Chloroformate Derivatization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rapid and Simultaneous Determination of Free Aromatic Carboxylic Acids and Phenols in Commercial Juices by GC-MS after Ethyl Chloroformate Derivatization |
| title_short | Rapid and Simultaneous Determination of Free Aromatic Carboxylic Acids and Phenols in Commercial Juices by GC-MS after Ethyl Chloroformate Derivatization |
| title_sort | rapid and simultaneous determination of free aromatic carboxylic acids and phenols in commercial juices by gc ms after ethyl chloroformate derivatization |
| topic | phenolic acids benzoic acids phenols ethyl chloroformate GC-MS fruit juices |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/9/1/9 |
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