Association of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 4G/5G and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme I/D Polymorphisms with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Sudanese Women: A Case-Control study
The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between the ACE I/D and PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphisms and RPL in Sudanese women. Methods and Results: A total of 232 people participated in this case-control study, including 119 women who had been diagnosed with RPL (Case group) and 113 healthy...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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International Medical Research and Development Corporation
2023-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Biomedicine |
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| Online Access: | http://www.ijbm.org/articles/i49/ijbm_13(1)_oa18.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811159965358882816 |
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| author | Hanan K. Ahmed Amanda G. Elgoraish Selma Elmalieh Abdalla Asaad MA. Babker Ayman Hussien Alfeel Amin Omer Ibrahim Abbas Khalid Abdelsamea Mohamedahmed Salaheldein G Elzaki |
| author_facet | Hanan K. Ahmed Amanda G. Elgoraish Selma Elmalieh Abdalla Asaad MA. Babker Ayman Hussien Alfeel Amin Omer Ibrahim Abbas Khalid Abdelsamea Mohamedahmed Salaheldein G Elzaki |
| author_sort | Hanan K. Ahmed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between the ACE I/D and PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphisms and RPL in Sudanese women.
Methods and Results: A total of 232 people participated in this case-control study, including 119 women who had been diagnosed with RPL (Case group) and 113 healthy women (Control group). The case group (RPL) consisted of Sudanese women (mean age of 31.3+5.9 years) who had at least three unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. Women in the control group (Control) were matched by age (mean age of 30.3+5.4 years), had at least two healthy pregnancies, and had no history of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes or recurrent losses. Genomic DNA samples were isolated from the whole blood by using the GF-1 Blood DNA Extraction Kit (Vivantis Technologies Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia) according to the manufacturer`s protocol. The status of the PAI-1 4G/5G and ACE I/D polymorphism was determined by PCR.
Analysis of the multiplicative and additive models for the ACE I/D polymorphism showed a significant risk of RPL with the carriage of the D allele (OR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.28-3.35, P=0.003) and the homozygous DD genotype (OR=2.40, 95% CI: 1.34-4.29, P=0.008). The multiplicative and additive models for the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism showed a significant risk of RPL with the carriage of the 4G allele (OR=3.11, 95% CI: 2.12-4.58, P=0.000) and the homozygous 4G/4G genotype (OR=3.09, 95% CI: 1.77-5.39, P=0.000). However, the carriage of risk-polymorphic markers, the ACE I/D and PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphisms, was not associated with the number of RPL. The combined carriage of the homozygous DD genotype and heterozygous ID genotype of the ACE I/D polymorphism with the homozygous 4G/4G genotype of the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism occurs significantly more often in RPL women than healthy women (P=0.000 and P=0.006, respectively). Carriage of the PAI-1 5G/5G genotype in healthy women was not associated with the ACE I/D polymorphism.
Conclusion: Testing for the ACE I/D and PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphisms should be part of the standard examination for patients with RPL.
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| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T05:50:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-58c27d51502249e29ed767b4036068e9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2158-0510 2158-0529 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T05:50:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | International Medical Research and Development Corporation |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Biomedicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-58c27d51502249e29ed767b4036068e92023-03-05T04:07:37ZengInternational Medical Research and Development CorporationInternational Journal of Biomedicine2158-05102158-05292023-03-0113112713310.21103/Article13(1)_OA18Association of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 4G/5G and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme I/D Polymorphisms with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Sudanese Women: A Case-Control studyHanan K. Ahmed0Amanda G. Elgoraish1 Selma Elmalieh Abdalla2Asaad MA. Babker3Ayman Hussien Alfeel4Amin Omer Ibrahim Abbas5Khalid Abdelsamea Mohamedahmed6Salaheldein G Elzaki7Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Khartoum, SudanTropical Medicine Research Institute, Khartoum, SudanSudan University of Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, SudanCollege of Health Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab EmiratesCollege of Health Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Rayan Colleges, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, SudanTropical Medicine Research Institute, Khartoum, SudanThe aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between the ACE I/D and PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphisms and RPL in Sudanese women. Methods and Results: A total of 232 people participated in this case-control study, including 119 women who had been diagnosed with RPL (Case group) and 113 healthy women (Control group). The case group (RPL) consisted of Sudanese women (mean age of 31.3+5.9 years) who had at least three unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. Women in the control group (Control) were matched by age (mean age of 30.3+5.4 years), had at least two healthy pregnancies, and had no history of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes or recurrent losses. Genomic DNA samples were isolated from the whole blood by using the GF-1 Blood DNA Extraction Kit (Vivantis Technologies Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia) according to the manufacturer`s protocol. The status of the PAI-1 4G/5G and ACE I/D polymorphism was determined by PCR. Analysis of the multiplicative and additive models for the ACE I/D polymorphism showed a significant risk of RPL with the carriage of the D allele (OR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.28-3.35, P=0.003) and the homozygous DD genotype (OR=2.40, 95% CI: 1.34-4.29, P=0.008). The multiplicative and additive models for the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism showed a significant risk of RPL with the carriage of the 4G allele (OR=3.11, 95% CI: 2.12-4.58, P=0.000) and the homozygous 4G/4G genotype (OR=3.09, 95% CI: 1.77-5.39, P=0.000). However, the carriage of risk-polymorphic markers, the ACE I/D and PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphisms, was not associated with the number of RPL. The combined carriage of the homozygous DD genotype and heterozygous ID genotype of the ACE I/D polymorphism with the homozygous 4G/4G genotype of the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism occurs significantly more often in RPL women than healthy women (P=0.000 and P=0.006, respectively). Carriage of the PAI-1 5G/5G genotype in healthy women was not associated with the ACE I/D polymorphism. Conclusion: Testing for the ACE I/D and PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphisms should be part of the standard examination for patients with RPL. http://www.ijbm.org/articles/i49/ijbm_13(1)_oa18.pdfangiotensin-converting enzymeplasminogen activator inhibitor-1recurrent pregnancy loss |
| spellingShingle | Hanan K. Ahmed Amanda G. Elgoraish Selma Elmalieh Abdalla Asaad MA. Babker Ayman Hussien Alfeel Amin Omer Ibrahim Abbas Khalid Abdelsamea Mohamedahmed Salaheldein G Elzaki Association of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 4G/5G and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme I/D Polymorphisms with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Sudanese Women: A Case-Control study International Journal of Biomedicine angiotensin-converting enzyme plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 recurrent pregnancy loss |
| title | Association of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 4G/5G and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme I/D Polymorphisms with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Sudanese Women: A Case-Control study |
| title_full | Association of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 4G/5G and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme I/D Polymorphisms with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Sudanese Women: A Case-Control study |
| title_fullStr | Association of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 4G/5G and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme I/D Polymorphisms with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Sudanese Women: A Case-Control study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 4G/5G and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme I/D Polymorphisms with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Sudanese Women: A Case-Control study |
| title_short | Association of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 4G/5G and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme I/D Polymorphisms with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Sudanese Women: A Case-Control study |
| title_sort | association of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 4g 5g and angiotensin converting enzyme i d polymorphisms with recurrent pregnancy loss in sudanese women a case control study |
| topic | angiotensin-converting enzyme plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 recurrent pregnancy loss |
| url | http://www.ijbm.org/articles/i49/ijbm_13(1)_oa18.pdf |
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