Valorization of Agro-Wastes as Fillers in PLA-Based Biocomposites for Increasing Sustainability in Fused Deposition Modeling Additive Manufacturing
The use of wheat middlings (WM) and rice husks (RH) as biofillers for mixing with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix to produce new 3D-printable biocomposites was assessed. Filaments containing 10 and 20 wt.% agro-waste-derived biofillers were manufactured and, for the sake of comparison, filaments of n...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-03-01
|
| Series: | Materials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/6/1421 |
| _version_ | 1797240129429962752 |
|---|---|
| author | Niccolò Giani Emanuele Maccaferri Tiziana Benelli Marco Bovo Daniele Torreggiani Enrico Gianfranco Campari Patrizia Tassinari Loris Giorgini Laura Mazzocchetti |
| author_facet | Niccolò Giani Emanuele Maccaferri Tiziana Benelli Marco Bovo Daniele Torreggiani Enrico Gianfranco Campari Patrizia Tassinari Loris Giorgini Laura Mazzocchetti |
| author_sort | Niccolò Giani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of wheat middlings (WM) and rice husks (RH) as biofillers for mixing with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix to produce new 3D-printable biocomposites was assessed. Filaments containing 10 and 20 wt.% agro-waste-derived biofillers were manufactured and, for the sake of comparison, filaments of neat PLA were also produced. The obtained filaments were characterized via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), showing potential for further application in additive manufacturing processing. Three-dimensionally printed specimens were thus produced and characterized via: DSC, also evaluating the specific heat capacity (CP) of specific 3D-printed specimens; dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), also applied for determining the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) measured on 3D-printed specimens in two different directions (<i>X</i> and <i>Y</i>); and tensile tests. The latter testing campaign was carried out along three printing directions (<i>X</i>, <i>Y</i>, and <i>Z</i> axes) to test the intrinsic biocomposite features (<i>X</i>-printed samples) as well as interbead and interlayer adhesion (<i>Y</i>- and <i>Z</i>-printed specimens, respectively). All samples demonstrated acceptable properties. The inclusion of a cost-free natural material leads to a strong reduction of the whole material cost. Implementing this new class of composite material to an additive manufacturing technique can significantly reduce the environmental impact of 3D-printed products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:02:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-58c5800af99442f7afbbfe3458a8752c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:02:31Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-58c5800af99442f7afbbfe3458a8752c2024-03-27T13:52:48ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442024-03-01176142110.3390/ma17061421Valorization of Agro-Wastes as Fillers in PLA-Based Biocomposites for Increasing Sustainability in Fused Deposition Modeling Additive ManufacturingNiccolò Giani0Emanuele Maccaferri1Tiziana Benelli2Marco Bovo3Daniele Torreggiani4Enrico Gianfranco Campari5Patrizia Tassinari6Loris Giorgini7Laura Mazzocchetti8Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 48, 40127 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 48, 40127 Bologna, ItalyNational Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 48, 40127 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, ItalyThe use of wheat middlings (WM) and rice husks (RH) as biofillers for mixing with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix to produce new 3D-printable biocomposites was assessed. Filaments containing 10 and 20 wt.% agro-waste-derived biofillers were manufactured and, for the sake of comparison, filaments of neat PLA were also produced. The obtained filaments were characterized via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), showing potential for further application in additive manufacturing processing. Three-dimensionally printed specimens were thus produced and characterized via: DSC, also evaluating the specific heat capacity (CP) of specific 3D-printed specimens; dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), also applied for determining the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) measured on 3D-printed specimens in two different directions (<i>X</i> and <i>Y</i>); and tensile tests. The latter testing campaign was carried out along three printing directions (<i>X</i>, <i>Y</i>, and <i>Z</i> axes) to test the intrinsic biocomposite features (<i>X</i>-printed samples) as well as interbead and interlayer adhesion (<i>Y</i>- and <i>Z</i>-printed specimens, respectively). All samples demonstrated acceptable properties. The inclusion of a cost-free natural material leads to a strong reduction of the whole material cost. Implementing this new class of composite material to an additive manufacturing technique can significantly reduce the environmental impact of 3D-printed products.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/6/1421additive manufacturingbiocompositebiofillerpoly(lactic acid) |
| spellingShingle | Niccolò Giani Emanuele Maccaferri Tiziana Benelli Marco Bovo Daniele Torreggiani Enrico Gianfranco Campari Patrizia Tassinari Loris Giorgini Laura Mazzocchetti Valorization of Agro-Wastes as Fillers in PLA-Based Biocomposites for Increasing Sustainability in Fused Deposition Modeling Additive Manufacturing Materials additive manufacturing biocomposite biofiller poly(lactic acid) |
| title | Valorization of Agro-Wastes as Fillers in PLA-Based Biocomposites for Increasing Sustainability in Fused Deposition Modeling Additive Manufacturing |
| title_full | Valorization of Agro-Wastes as Fillers in PLA-Based Biocomposites for Increasing Sustainability in Fused Deposition Modeling Additive Manufacturing |
| title_fullStr | Valorization of Agro-Wastes as Fillers in PLA-Based Biocomposites for Increasing Sustainability in Fused Deposition Modeling Additive Manufacturing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Valorization of Agro-Wastes as Fillers in PLA-Based Biocomposites for Increasing Sustainability in Fused Deposition Modeling Additive Manufacturing |
| title_short | Valorization of Agro-Wastes as Fillers in PLA-Based Biocomposites for Increasing Sustainability in Fused Deposition Modeling Additive Manufacturing |
| title_sort | valorization of agro wastes as fillers in pla based biocomposites for increasing sustainability in fused deposition modeling additive manufacturing |
| topic | additive manufacturing biocomposite biofiller poly(lactic acid) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/6/1421 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT niccologiani valorizationofagrowastesasfillersinplabasedbiocompositesforincreasingsustainabilityinfuseddepositionmodelingadditivemanufacturing AT emanuelemaccaferri valorizationofagrowastesasfillersinplabasedbiocompositesforincreasingsustainabilityinfuseddepositionmodelingadditivemanufacturing AT tizianabenelli valorizationofagrowastesasfillersinplabasedbiocompositesforincreasingsustainabilityinfuseddepositionmodelingadditivemanufacturing AT marcobovo valorizationofagrowastesasfillersinplabasedbiocompositesforincreasingsustainabilityinfuseddepositionmodelingadditivemanufacturing AT danieletorreggiani valorizationofagrowastesasfillersinplabasedbiocompositesforincreasingsustainabilityinfuseddepositionmodelingadditivemanufacturing AT enricogianfrancocampari valorizationofagrowastesasfillersinplabasedbiocompositesforincreasingsustainabilityinfuseddepositionmodelingadditivemanufacturing AT patriziatassinari valorizationofagrowastesasfillersinplabasedbiocompositesforincreasingsustainabilityinfuseddepositionmodelingadditivemanufacturing AT lorisgiorgini valorizationofagrowastesasfillersinplabasedbiocompositesforincreasingsustainabilityinfuseddepositionmodelingadditivemanufacturing AT lauramazzocchetti valorizationofagrowastesasfillersinplabasedbiocompositesforincreasingsustainabilityinfuseddepositionmodelingadditivemanufacturing |