When Taekwondo Referees See Red, but It Is an Electronic System That Gives the Points
Previous studies in taekwondo have considered the use of the manual scoring system or the electronic system with only the use of the electronic body protector. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the color protectors and success in 1,327 taekwondo matches from six Wor...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-12-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.787000/full |
| _version_ | 1818575615478988800 |
|---|---|
| author | Gennaro Apollaro Coral Falcó |
| author_facet | Gennaro Apollaro Coral Falcó |
| author_sort | Gennaro Apollaro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Previous studies in taekwondo have considered the use of the manual scoring system or the electronic system with only the use of the electronic body protector. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the color protectors and success in 1,327 taekwondo matches from six World Grand Prix Series of two 4-year Olympic periods when electronic body and head protectors are used. In the total sample, the results did not show a relationship between the match outcome and the color of the protectors (p = 0.97, C = 0.001). For the individual six editions, the results showed a positive and strong relationship between wearing blue protectors and winning matches and one between wearing red protectors and winning matches (p = 0.001, C = 0.19; p = 0.001; C = 0.19). Regarding the weight categories, 8 and 5 of 48 showed higher percentages of blue and red winners, respectively. Regarding sex, male competitors showed a positive relationship between blue color and winning the match in 6 of 24 weight categories, and wearing red and winning the match was shown in 2 of 24 weight categories. Female competitors showed a positive relationship between blue color and winning the match in 2 of 24 weight categories, and wearing red and winning the match was shown in 3 of 24 weight categories. When it comes to the influence of being a seeded athlete, the results did show a significant confounding effect on the color of the protectors worn by the winner of the match in 2 of 13 weight categories in which a color effect was observed (p = 0.02, C = 0.28; p = 0.02, C = 0.28). In conclusion, wearing red does not provide a higher chance of winning the match. It seems that seeing red has a stronger effect than wearing red, especially in male contenders. Moreover, being a seeded athlete does not explain the result of the match. It seems that the introduction of the electronic helmet protector, in addition to the electronic body protector, made the scoring system more objective, decreasing the advantage of wearing red in winning matches. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-15T00:43:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-58cb89f1dc5c45c4b61a0161ea1f68fc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-15T00:43:21Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj.art-58cb89f1dc5c45c4b61a0161ea1f68fc2022-12-21T22:41:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782021-12-011210.3389/fpsyg.2021.787000787000When Taekwondo Referees See Red, but It Is an Electronic System That Gives the PointsGennaro Apollaro0Coral Falcó1School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, NorwayPrevious studies in taekwondo have considered the use of the manual scoring system or the electronic system with only the use of the electronic body protector. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the color protectors and success in 1,327 taekwondo matches from six World Grand Prix Series of two 4-year Olympic periods when electronic body and head protectors are used. In the total sample, the results did not show a relationship between the match outcome and the color of the protectors (p = 0.97, C = 0.001). For the individual six editions, the results showed a positive and strong relationship between wearing blue protectors and winning matches and one between wearing red protectors and winning matches (p = 0.001, C = 0.19; p = 0.001; C = 0.19). Regarding the weight categories, 8 and 5 of 48 showed higher percentages of blue and red winners, respectively. Regarding sex, male competitors showed a positive relationship between blue color and winning the match in 6 of 24 weight categories, and wearing red and winning the match was shown in 2 of 24 weight categories. Female competitors showed a positive relationship between blue color and winning the match in 2 of 24 weight categories, and wearing red and winning the match was shown in 3 of 24 weight categories. When it comes to the influence of being a seeded athlete, the results did show a significant confounding effect on the color of the protectors worn by the winner of the match in 2 of 13 weight categories in which a color effect was observed (p = 0.02, C = 0.28; p = 0.02, C = 0.28). In conclusion, wearing red does not provide a higher chance of winning the match. It seems that seeing red has a stronger effect than wearing red, especially in male contenders. Moreover, being a seeded athlete does not explain the result of the match. It seems that the introduction of the electronic helmet protector, in addition to the electronic body protector, made the scoring system more objective, decreasing the advantage of wearing red in winning matches.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.787000/fullcolorredelectronic protectortechnologyfair playtaekwondo |
| spellingShingle | Gennaro Apollaro Coral Falcó When Taekwondo Referees See Red, but It Is an Electronic System That Gives the Points Frontiers in Psychology color red electronic protector technology fair play taekwondo |
| title | When Taekwondo Referees See Red, but It Is an Electronic System That Gives the Points |
| title_full | When Taekwondo Referees See Red, but It Is an Electronic System That Gives the Points |
| title_fullStr | When Taekwondo Referees See Red, but It Is an Electronic System That Gives the Points |
| title_full_unstemmed | When Taekwondo Referees See Red, but It Is an Electronic System That Gives the Points |
| title_short | When Taekwondo Referees See Red, but It Is an Electronic System That Gives the Points |
| title_sort | when taekwondo referees see red but it is an electronic system that gives the points |
| topic | color red electronic protector technology fair play taekwondo |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.787000/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gennaroapollaro whentaekwondorefereesseeredbutitisanelectronicsystemthatgivesthepoints AT coralfalco whentaekwondorefereesseeredbutitisanelectronicsystemthatgivesthepoints |