Study on Single-Layer and Single-Channel Microstructure of 304 Stainless Steel Using Joule Heat Additive Manufacturing
In this study, a solution to the issue of a large heat-affected zone in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing is presented by employing the Joule Heat Additive Manufacturing method to create a single layer and single channel with a reduced heat-affected zone. The microstructure of the single layer and sin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Crystals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/11/1573 |
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| author | Suli Li Zhuang Gao Jie Xiong Longfei Fan Jichao Chen Kaiyue Ma Laixia Yang Bingheng Lu |
| author_facet | Suli Li Zhuang Gao Jie Xiong Longfei Fan Jichao Chen Kaiyue Ma Laixia Yang Bingheng Lu |
| author_sort | Suli Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, a solution to the issue of a large heat-affected zone in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing is presented by employing the Joule Heat Additive Manufacturing method to create a single layer and single channel with a reduced heat-affected zone. The microstructure of the single layer and single channel is thoroughly investigated using various detection methods, including optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results reveal that the heat-affected zone formed by the Joule Heat Additive Manufacturing method is smaller than that produced by the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing method. Additionally, the grains in the single layer and single channel progress from planar to columnar, then equiaxed, and finally back to columnar from the fusion line to the top of the wire. The element content and distribution are relatively uniform. The microstructure of the single layer consists of austenite and a small amount of ferrite, with austenite accounting for 99.71% of the content. The grain size in the middle of the wire is mainly around 10 μm, with the smallest angle grain boundaries within 10°. The distribution of local grain orientation differences in the three regions is found to be largely consistent. The analysis of the microstructure of the single layer and single channel serves as a valuable reference for understanding the behavior of single-channel multi-layers in future studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:54:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-58cd6a9aa0a540e0998f5d7245abd291 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:54:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj.art-58cd6a9aa0a540e0998f5d7245abd2912023-11-24T14:36:46ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522023-11-011311157310.3390/cryst13111573Study on Single-Layer and Single-Channel Microstructure of 304 Stainless Steel Using Joule Heat Additive ManufacturingSuli Li0Zhuang Gao1Jie Xiong2Longfei Fan3Jichao Chen4Kaiyue Ma5Laixia Yang6Bingheng Lu7School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Mechanical Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaIn this study, a solution to the issue of a large heat-affected zone in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing is presented by employing the Joule Heat Additive Manufacturing method to create a single layer and single channel with a reduced heat-affected zone. The microstructure of the single layer and single channel is thoroughly investigated using various detection methods, including optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results reveal that the heat-affected zone formed by the Joule Heat Additive Manufacturing method is smaller than that produced by the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing method. Additionally, the grains in the single layer and single channel progress from planar to columnar, then equiaxed, and finally back to columnar from the fusion line to the top of the wire. The element content and distribution are relatively uniform. The microstructure of the single layer consists of austenite and a small amount of ferrite, with austenite accounting for 99.71% of the content. The grain size in the middle of the wire is mainly around 10 μm, with the smallest angle grain boundaries within 10°. The distribution of local grain orientation differences in the three regions is found to be largely consistent. The analysis of the microstructure of the single layer and single channel serves as a valuable reference for understanding the behavior of single-channel multi-layers in future studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/11/1573additive manufacturing304 stainless steelmicrostructureJoule heat |
| spellingShingle | Suli Li Zhuang Gao Jie Xiong Longfei Fan Jichao Chen Kaiyue Ma Laixia Yang Bingheng Lu Study on Single-Layer and Single-Channel Microstructure of 304 Stainless Steel Using Joule Heat Additive Manufacturing Crystals additive manufacturing 304 stainless steel microstructure Joule heat |
| title | Study on Single-Layer and Single-Channel Microstructure of 304 Stainless Steel Using Joule Heat Additive Manufacturing |
| title_full | Study on Single-Layer and Single-Channel Microstructure of 304 Stainless Steel Using Joule Heat Additive Manufacturing |
| title_fullStr | Study on Single-Layer and Single-Channel Microstructure of 304 Stainless Steel Using Joule Heat Additive Manufacturing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study on Single-Layer and Single-Channel Microstructure of 304 Stainless Steel Using Joule Heat Additive Manufacturing |
| title_short | Study on Single-Layer and Single-Channel Microstructure of 304 Stainless Steel Using Joule Heat Additive Manufacturing |
| title_sort | study on single layer and single channel microstructure of 304 stainless steel using joule heat additive manufacturing |
| topic | additive manufacturing 304 stainless steel microstructure Joule heat |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/11/1573 |
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